REPRESENTATIVES Faber, Cates, Seitz, Calvert, Husted, Gilb, Hartnett, Raga, Schmidt, Lendrum, Setzer, Evans, Core, DeWine, Webster, Collier, Damschroder, Carmichael, Manning, Reinhard, Widowfield, Flowers, Blasdel, Callender, Hoops, Jolivette, Seaver, Carano, Sferra, Ogg, Britton, Distel, Buehrer, Coates, Fessler

To enact sections 3745.113, 6111.02, 6111.021,

1

6111.022, 6111.023, 6111.024, 6111.025, 6111.026,

2

6111.027, 6111.028, and 6111.029 of the Revised

3

Code to require the issuance of permits for impacts

4

to isolated wetlands and to declare an emergency.

5

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO:

Section 1. That sections 3745.113, 6111.02, 6111.021,	6
6111.022, 6111.023, 6111.024, 6111.025, 6111.026, 6111.027,	7
6111.028, and 6111.029 of the Revised Code be enacted to read as	8
follows:	9

Sec. 3745.113. (A) A person that applies for a state	10
isolated wetland permit under Chapter 6111. of the Revised Code	11
and rules adopted under it shall pay an application fee of two	12
hundred dollars at the time of application.	13

In addition, that person shall pay, at the time of	14
application, a review fee of five hundred dollars per acre of the	15
wetlands to be impacted.	16

However, the review fee shall not exceed five thousand	17
dollars per application. In addition, if an application is	18
denied, the director of environmental protection shall refund to	19
the applicant one-half of the amount of the review fee paid by the	20
applicant under division (A) of this section.	21

(B) If a person conducts any activities for which an	22
individual state isolated wetland permit is required under Chapter	23
6111. of the Revised Code and rules adopted under it without first	24
obtaining such a permit, the person shall pay twice the amount of	25
the application and review fees that the person otherwise would	26
have been required to pay under division (A) of this section, not	27
to exceed ten thousand dollars.	28

(C) All moneys collected under this section shall be	29
deposited in the state treasury to the credit of the dredge and	30
fill fund created in section 6111.029 of the Revised Code.	31

(D) Fees established under this section shall not apply to	32
any agency or department of the state or to any county, township,	33
or municipal corporation in this state.	34

Sec. 6111.02. As used in this section and sections 6111.021	35
to 6111.028 of the Revised Code:	36

(A) "Category 1 wetland," "category 2 wetland," or "category	37
3 wetland" means a category 1 wetland, category 2 wetland, or	38
category 3 wetland, respectively, as described in rule 3745-1-54	39
of the Administrative Code, as that rule existed on the effective	40
date of this section, and as determined to be a category 1,	41
category 2, or category 3 wetland, respectively, through	42
application of the "Ohio rapid assessment method for wetlands	43
version 5.0," including the Ohio rapid assessment method for	44
wetlands version 5.0 quantitative score calibration dated August	45
15, 2000, unless an application for a section 401 water quality	46
certification was submitted prior to February 28, 2001, in which	47
case the applicant for the permit may elect to proceed in	48
accordance with Ohio rapid assessment method for wetlands version	49
4.1.	50

(B) "Creation" means the establishment of a wetland where one	51
did not formerly exist and that involves wetland construction on	52
nonhydric soils.	53

(C) "Enhancement" means activities conducted in an existing	54
wetland to improve or repair existing or natural wetland functions	55
and values of that wetland.	56

(D) "Fill material" means any material that is used to	57
fill an aquatic area, to replace an aquatic area with dry land, or	58
to change the bottom elevation of a wetland for any purpose. "Fill	59
material" does not include either of the following:	60

(1) Material resulting from normal farming, silviculture,	61
and ranching activities, such as plowing, cultivating, seeding,	62
and harvesting, for the production of food, fiber, and forest	63
products;	64

(2) Material placed for the purpose of maintenance of	65
existing structures, including emergency reconstruction of	66
recently damaged parts of currently serviceable structures such as	67
dikes, dams, levees, groins, riprap, breakwaters, causeways, and	68
bridge abutments or approaches, and transportation structures.	69

(E) "Filling" means the addition of fill material into a	70
wetland for the purpose of creating upland, changing the bottom	71
elevation of the wetland, or creating impoundments of water.	72
"Filling" includes, without limitation, the placement of the	73
following in wetlands: fill material that is necessary for the	74
construction of any structure; structures or impoundments	75
requiring rock, sand, dirt, or other material for its	76
construction; site-development fills for recreational, industrial,	77
commercial, residential, or other uses; causeways or road fills;	78
dams and dikes; artificial islands, property protection, or	79
reclamation devices such as riprap, groins, seawalls, breakwalls,	80
and bulkheads and fills; beach nourishment; levees; sanitary	81
landfills; fill material for structures such as sewage treatment	82
facilities, intake and outfall pipes associated with power plants,	83
and underwater utility lines; and artificial reefs.	84

(F) "Isolated wetland" means a wetland that is not subject	85
to regulation under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.	86

(G) "Mitigation" means the restoration, creation,	87
enhancement, or, in exceptional circumstances, preservation of	88
wetlands expressly for the purpose of compensating for wetland	89
impacts.	90

(H) "Mitigation bank service area" means the designated area	91
where a mitigation bank can reasonably be expected to provide	92
appropriate compensation for impacts to wetlands and other aquatic	93
resources and that is designated as such in accordance with the	94
process established in the "Federal Guidance for the	95
Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks (1995)," 60	96
FR 58605.	97

(I) "Off-site mitigation" means wetland restoration,	98
creation, enhancement, or preservation occurring farther than one	99
mile from a project boundary, but within the same watershed.	100

(J) "On-site mitigation" means wetland restoration,	101
creation, enhancement, or preservation occurring within and not	102
more than one mile from the project boundary and within the same	103
watershed.	104

(K) "Practicable" means available and capable of being	105
executed with existing technology and without significant adverse	106
effect on the economic feasibility of the project in light of the	107
overall project purposes and in consideration of the relative	108
environmental benefit.	109

(L) "Preservation" means the protection of ecologically	110
important wetlands in perpetuity through the implementation of	111
appropriate legal mechanisms to prevent harm to the wetlands.	112
"Preservation" may include protection of adjacent upland areas as	113
necessary to ensure protection of a wetland.	114

(M) "Restoration" means the reestablishment of a previously	115
existing wetland at a site where it has ceased to exist.	116

(N) "State isolated wetland permit" means a permit issued in	117
accordance with sections 6111.02 to 6111.027 of the Revised Code	118
authorizing the filling of an isolated wetland.	119

(O) "Watershed" means a common surface drainage area	120
corresponding to one from the list of thirty-seven adapted from	121
the forty-four cataloging units as depicted on the hydrologic unit	122
map of Ohio, United States geological survey, 1988, and as	123
described in division (F)(2) of rule 3745-1-54 of the	124
Administrative Code or as otherwise shown on map number 1 found in	125
rule 3745-1-54 of the Administrative Code. "Watershed" is limited	126
to those parts of the cataloging units that geographically lie	127
within the borders of this state.	128

(P) "Wetlands" means those areas that are inundated or	129
saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration	130
that are sufficient to support, and that under normal	131
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically	132
adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. "Wetlands" includes	133
swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas that are delineated in	134
accordance with the 1987 United States army corps of engineers	135
wetland delineation manual and any other procedures and	136
requirements adopted by the United States army corps of engineers	137
for delineating wetlands.	138

(Q) "Wetland mitigation bank" means a site where wetlands	139
have been restored, created, enhanced, or, in exceptional	140
circumstances, preserved expressly for the purpose of providing	141
mitigation for impacts to wetlands and that has been approved in	142
accordance with the process established in the "Federal Guidance	143
for the Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks	144
(1995)," 60 FR 58605.	145

Sec. 6111.021. (A)(1) The director of environmental	146
protection shall issue a general state isolated wetland permit or	147
permits to cover activities within this state for purposes of	148
section 6111.022 of the Revised Code. A general permit is	149
effective for five years. Upon the expiration of a general	150
permit, the director shall issue a new general permit.	151

(2) The director may issue an individual state isolated	152
wetland permit for purposes of sections 6111.023 and 6111.024 of	153
the Revised Code. An individual permit issued under either of	154
those sections is effective for five years.	155

(B) A person that proposes to engage in an activity that	156
involves the filling of an isolated wetland shall apply to the	157
director for coverage under a general state isolated wetland	158
permit or shall apply for an individual state isolated wetland	159
permit, as applicable, in accordance with sections 6111.02 to	160
6111.027 of the Revised Code. No person shall engage in the	161
filling of an isolated wetland unless authorized to do so by a	162
general or individual state isolated wetland permit. Sections	163
6111.02 to 6111.027 of the Revised Code do not apply to isolated	164
wetlands created by previous coal mining activities, except for	165
wetlands created for mitigation purposes.	166

(C) The issuance of a general or individual state isolated	167
wetland permit constitutes the issuance of a section 401 water	168
quality certification for purposes of the Federal Water Pollution	169
Control Act.	170

Sec. 6111.022. (A) A proposed filling of a category 1 or a	171
category 2 isolated wetland of one-half acre or less shall require	172
a general state isolated wetland permit and be subject to level	173
one review requirements established under division (B) of this	174
section.	175

(B) Level one review shall apply only to the filling of a	176
category 1 or a category 2 isolated wetland as described in	177
division (A) of this section requiring a general state isolated	178
wetland permit. A level one review shall require the submission	179
of a pre-activity notice that includes an application, an	180
acceptable wetland delineation, a wetland categorization, a	181
description of the project, a description of the acreage of the	182
isolated wetland that will be subject to filling, site	183
photographs, and a mitigation proposal for the impact to the	184
isolated wetland.	185

(C) The proposed filling of an isolated wetland that is	186
subject to level one review is authorized by a general state	187
isolated wetland permit unless the director of environmental	188
protection notifies the applicant within thirty days after receipt	189
of a pre-activity notice that the filling of the isolated wetland	190
will result in a significant negative impact on state water	191
quality. An applicant that receives such a notice may apply for an	192
individual state isolated wetland permit in accordance with the	193
procedures and requirements established under section 6111.023 of	194
the Revised Code.	195

(D) Required mitigation for the proposed filling of an	196
isolated wetland that is subject to level one review shall be	197
conducted by the applicant. Without the objection of the director	198
and at the discretion of the applicant, the applicant shall	199
conduct either on site mitigation, mitigation at a wetland	200
mitigation bank within the same United States army corps of	201
engineers district as the location of the proposed filling of the	202
isolated wetland, or off-site mitigation.	203

(E) A person that has submitted a pre-activity notice for	204
coverage under a general state isolated wetland permit under this	205
section shall complete the filling within two years after the end	206
of the thirty-day period following the receipt of the pre-activity	207
notice by the director. If the person does not complete the	208
filling within that two-year period, the person shall submit a new	209
pre-activity notice in accordance with this section.	210

Sec. 6111.023. (A) A proposed filling of a category 1	211
isolated wetland of greater than one-half acre or the proposed	212
filling of a category 2 isolated wetland of greater than one-half	213
acre, but less than or equal to three acres shall require an	214
individual state isolated wetland permit and be subject to level	215
two review requirements established under division (B) of this	216
section.	217

(B) Level two review shall apply to the filling of a	218
category 1 or a category 2 isolated wetland described in division	219
(A) of this section and shall require all of the following:	220

(1) All of the information required to be submitted with a	221
pre-activity notice as described in division (B) of section	222
6111.022 of the Revised Code;	223

(2) Identification of the source of the fill material to be	224
used for the filling;	225

(3) The submission of an analysis of practicable on-site	226
alternatives to the proposed filling of the isolated wetland that	227
would have a less adverse impact on the isolated wetland	228
ecosystem;	229

(4) The submission of information indicating whether high	230
quality waters, as defined in rule 3745-1-05 of the Administrative	231
Code, are to be avoided by the proposed filling of the isolated	232
wetland.	233

(C) The director of environmental protection shall issue or	234
deny an individual state isolated wetland permit for the proposed	235
filling of an isolated wetland that is subject to level two review	236
not later than ninety days after the receipt of an application for	237
the permit. The director shall issue an individual state isolated	238
wetland permit for the proposed filling of an isolated wetland	239
that is subject to level two review unless the director determines	240
that the applicant for the permit has failed to demonstrate all of	241
the following:	242

(1) There is no practicable on-site alternative to the	243
proposed filling of the isolated wetland that would have a less	244
adverse impact on the isolated wetland ecosystem.	245

(2) Reasonable buffers have been provided for any isolated	246
wetland that will be avoided at the site where the proposed	247
filling of the isolated wetland will take place.	248

(3) The isolated wetland that will be subject to filling is	249
not locally or regionally scarce within the watershed in which it	250
is located and does not contain rare, threatened, or endangered	251
species.	252

(4) The impact would not result in significant degradation	253
to the aquatic ecosystem.	254

(5) Appropriate mitigation has been proposed for any	255
unavoidable impacts.	256

(6) Storm water and water quality controls will be installed	257
to ensure that peak post-development rates of surface water runoff	258
from the impacted isolated wetland do not exceed the peak	259
pre-development rates of runoff from the on-site isolated wetland.	260
Water quality improvement measures shall be incorporated into the	261
design of the storm water control measures to the maximum extent	262
practicable. Examples of these measures include, but are not	263
limited to, incorporating vegetated areas in a storm water control	264
plan.	265

(7) Any additional, practicable, site-specific requirements	266
that are determined necessary by the director to protect water	267
quality have been satisfied.	268

(D)(1) Notwithstanding an applicant's demonstration under	269
division (C) of this section, the director may deny an application	270
for an individual state isolated wetland permit submitted under	271
this section if the director determines that the proposed filling	272
of the isolated wetland will result in an adverse short-term or	273
long-term impact on water quality.	274

(2) The director may impose any practicable terms and	275
conditions on an individual state isolated wetland permit issued	276
under this section that are appropriate or necessary to ensure	277
adequate protection of state water quality and to ensure	278
compliance with this chapter and rules adopted under it.	279

(3) Prior to the issuance of an individual state isolated	280
wetland permit under this section, or prior to, during, or after	281
the filling of the isolated wetland that is the subject of the	282
permit, the director may require that the applicant or permit	283
holder perform various environmental quality tests, including,	284
without limitation, chemical analyses of water, sediment, or fill	285
material and bioassays, in order to ensure adequate protection of	286
water quality.	287

(E)(1) Mitigation for the proposed filling of a category 1	288
isolated wetland that is subject to level two review shall be	289
conducted by the applicant. Without the objection of the director	290
and at the discretion of the applicant, the applicant shall	291
conduct either on site mitigation, mitigation at a wetland	292
mitigation bank within the same United States army corps of	293
engineers district as the location of the proposed filling of the	294
isolated wetland, or off-site mitigation.	295

(2) Mitigation for the proposed filling of a category 2	296
isolated wetland that is subject to level two review shall be	297
conducted by the applicant and shall occur in the following	298
preferred order:	299

(a) Practicable on-site mitigation;

300

(b) Reasonably identifiable, available, and practicable	301
off-site mitigation within the same watershed;	302

(c) If the proposed filling of the isolated wetland will	303
take place within a mitigation bank service area, within that	304
mitigation bank service area;	305

(d) If there is a significant ecological reason that the	306
mitigation location should not be limited to the watershed in	307
which the isolated wetland is located and if the proposed	308
mitigation will result in a substantially greater ecological	309
benefit, in a watershed that is adjacent to the watershed in which	310
the isolated wetland is located.	311

Sec. 6111.024. (A) A proposed filling of a category 2	312
isolated wetland of greater than three acres or a category 3	313
isolated wetland shall require an individual state isolated	314
wetland permit and be subject to level three review requirements	315
established under division (B) of this section.	316

(B) Level three review shall apply to the filling of a	317
category 2 or a category 3 isolated wetland described in division	318
(A) of this section and shall require all of the following:	319

(1) All of the information required to be submitted with a	320
pre-activity notice as described in division (B) of section	321
6111.022 of the Revised Code;	322

(2) A full antidegradation review conducted in accordance	323
with rules adopted under section 6111.12 of the Revised Code;	324

(3) The submission of information indicating whether high	325
quality waters, as defined in rule 3745-1-05 of the Administrative	326
Code, are to be avoided by the proposed filling of the isolated	327
wetland.	328

(C) The director of environmental protection shall issue or	329
deny an individual state isolated wetland permit for the proposed	330
filling of an isolated wetland that is subject to level three	331
review not later than one hundred eighty days after the receipt of	332
an application for the permit. The director shall not issue an	333
individual state isolated wetland permit for the proposed filling	334
of an isolated wetland that is subject to level three review	335
unless the director determines that the applicant for the permit	336
has demonstrated that the proposed filling will not prevent or	337
interfere with the attainment or maintenance of applicable state	338
water quality standards.	339

(D)(1) Notwithstanding division (C) of this section, the	340
director also may deny an application for an individual state	341
isolated wetland permit submitted under this section if the	342
director determines that the proposed filling of the isolated	343
wetland will result in an adverse short-term or long-term impact	344
on water quality.	345

(2) The director may impose terms and conditions on an	346
individual state isolated wetland permit issued under this section	347
that are appropriate or necessary to ensure adequate protection of	348
state water quality and to ensure compliance with this chapter and	349
rules adopted under it.	350

(3) Prior to the issuance of an individual state isolated	351
wetland permit under this section, or prior to, during, or after	352
the filling of the isolated wetland that is the subject of the	353
permit, the director may require that the applicant or permit	354
holder perform various environmental quality tests, including,	355
without limitation, chemical analyses of water, sediment, or fill	356
material and bioassays, in order to ensure adequate protection of	357
water quality.	358

(E) Mitigation for the proposed filling of a category 2 or a	359
category 3 isolated wetland that is subject to level three review	360
shall occur in the following preferred order:	361

(1) Practicable on-site mitigation;

362

(2) Reasonably identifiable, available, and practicable	363
off-site mitigation within the same watershed;	364

(3) If the proposed filling of the isolated wetland will	365
take place within a mitigation bank service area, within that	366
mitigation bank service area;	367

(4) If there is a significant ecological reason that the	368
mitigation location should not be limited to the watershed in	369
which the isolated wetland is located and if the proposed	370
mitigation will result in a substantially greater ecological	371
benefit, in a watershed that is adjacent to the watershed in which	372
the isolated wetland is located.	373

Sec. 6111.025. (A) The director of natural resources in	374
consultation with the director of environmental protection shall	375
establish a list of approved wetland mitigation banks that shall	376
be used by applicants for state isolated wetland permits for	377
mitigation purposes and shall submit the list to the director of	378
environmental protection. In establishing the list, the director	379
of natural resources shall give preference to wetland mitigation	380
banks that are comprised of areas involving the restoration of	381
previously existing wetlands. The list established under this	382
division shall not exclude state or local agencies from developing	383
wetland mitigation banks.	384

(B) The department of natural resources, the division of	385
wildlife in that department, or any other division in that	386
department that is designated by the director of natural resources	387
may establish and operate a wetland mitigation bank for purposes	388
of sections 6111.02 to 6111.027 of the Revised Code. A mitigation	389
bank so established may be used by any individual or entity,	390
including any agency or department of the state, for mitigation	391
purposes under those sections.	392

(C) The director of environmental protection annually shall	393
issue a report to the members of the general assembly on the total	394
number of acres of isolated wetlands that were subject to filling	395
during the immediately preceding year as well as the total number	396
of acres of isolated wetlands that were restored, created,	397
enhanced, or preserved through mitigation that same year as a	398
result of state isolated wetland permits issued under sections	399
6111.02 to 6111.027 of the Revised Code.	400

Sec. 6111.026. (A)(1) The director of environmental	401
protection shall prescribe the form of the application for a	402
general state isolated wetland permit and for an individual state	403
isolated wetland permit.	404

(2) The director shall provide an explanation to an	405
applicant for an individual state isolated wetland permit of the	406
basis for the proposed denial of the application.	407

(B) Within fifteen business days after the receipt of an	408
application for an individual state isolated wetland permit, the	409
director shall notify the applicant if the application is	410
complete. If the application is not complete, the director shall	411
include in the notice an itemized list of the information or	412
materials that are necessary to complete the application. Time	413
periods specified in sections 6111.02 to 6111.027 of the Revised	414
Code shall not apply until the application is determined by the	415
director to be complete. If the applicant fails to provide	416
information or materials that are necessary to complete the	417
application within sixty days after the director's receipt of the	418
application, the director may return the incomplete application to	419
the applicant and take no further action on the application.	420

(C) Except as provided in division (D) of this section, the	421
director shall publish notice of the receipt of a complete	422
application for an individual state isolated wetland permit in a	423
newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the	424
proposed filling of the isolated wetland that is the subject of	425
the application is to take place. The director shall accept	426
comments concerning the application and requests for a public	427
hearing concerning the application for not more than fourteen days	428
following the publication of notice concerning the application.	429

If a public hearing is requested during the fourteen-day	430
comment period and the director determines that there is	431
significant public interest, the director or the director's	432
representative shall conduct a public hearing concerning the	433
application. Notice of the public hearing shall be published not	434
later than thirty days prior to the date of the hearing in a	435
newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the	436
proposed filling of the isolated wetland that is the subject of	437
the application is to take place. If a public hearing is	438
requested concerning an application, the director shall accept	439
comments concerning the application until five business days after	440
the public hearing. A public hearing conducted under this	441
division shall take place not later than seventy days after the	442
receipt of the application.	443

(D) Applications for individual state isolated wetland	444
permits submitted under section 6111.024 of the Revised Code and	445
the issuance of a general state isolated wetland permit under	446
section 6111.021 of the Revised Code are subject to rules adopted	447
under section 6111.12 of the Revised Code governing public notice	448
and participation.	449

(E) When an application for a state isolated wetland permit	450
is changed, altered, or amended after a public hearing was	451
conducted in accordance with division (C) or (D) of this section,	452
a second hearing shall not be required for the changed, altered,	453
or amended application if the scope of the proposed filling that	454
is proposed by the original application has not changed or the	455
proposed filling has been reduced from that proposed in the	456
original application.	457

Sec. 6111.027.  (A) Mitigation for impacts to isolated	458
wetlands under sections 6111.02 to 6111.027 shall be conducted in	459
accordance with the following ratios:	460

(1) For category 1 and category 2 isolated wetlands, other	461
than forested category 2 isolated wetlands, mitigation located at	462
an approved wetland mitigation bank shall be conducted at a rate	463
of two times the size of the area of isolated wetland that is	464
being impacted.	465

(2) For forested category 2 isolated wetlands, mitigation	466
located at an approved wetland mitigation bank shall be conducted	467
at a rate of two and one-half times the size of the area of	468
isolated wetland that is being impacted.	469

(3) All other mitigation shall be subject to mitigation	470
ratios established in division (F) of rule 3745-1-54 of the	471
Administrative Code.	472

(B) Mitigation that involves the enhancement or preservation	473
of isolated wetlands shall be calculated and performed in	474
accordance with rule 3745-1-54 of the Administrative Code.	475

(C) An applicant for coverage under a general state	476
isolated wetland permit or for an individual state isolated	477
wetland permit under sections 6111.022 to 6111.024 of the Revised	478
Code shall demonstrate that the mitigation site will be protected	479
in perpetuity and that appropriate practicable management measures	480
are, or will be, in place to restrict harmful activities that	481
jeopardize the mitigation.	482

Sec. 6111.028. (A) The discharge of dredged material into	483
isolated wetlands is subject to sections 6111.021 to 6111.027 of	484
the Revised Code.	485

(B) As used in this section:

486

(1) "Discharge of dredged material" has the same meaning as	487
in 33 CFR 323.2 as effective February 16, 2001.	488

(2) "Dredged material" means material that is excavated or	489
dredged from isolated wetlands. "Dredged material" does not	490
include material resulting from normal farming, silviculture, and	491
ranching activities, such as plowing, cultivating, seeding, and	492
harvesting, for production of food, fiber, and forest products.	493

Sec. 6111.029. There is hereby created in the state treasury	494
the dredge and fill fund consisting of moneys credited to it under	495
section 3745.113 of the Revised Code. The director of	496
environmental protection shall use moneys in the fund solely for	497
the purpose of administering sections 6111.02 to 6111.029 of the	498
Revised Code.	499

Section 2. This act is hereby declared to be an emergency	500
measure necessary for the immediate preservation of the public	501
peace, health, and safety. The reason for such necessity is that	502
the protection of isolated wetlands is of vital importance to the	503
state's environment and natural resources. Therefore, this act	504
shall go into immediate effect.	505