SENATORS Spada, Armbruster, Jacobson, Austria, Oelslager, Mead, Randy Gardner, White, Nein, Amstutz, Blessing, Brady, Carnes, Coughlin, DiDonato, Robert Gardner, Goodman, Harris, Hottinger, Jordan, Mumper, Prentiss, Wachtmann

To amend sections 121.22, 2901.01, 2903.01, 2921.32,

1

2923.31, 2927.24, 2929.04, 2933.51, and 2941.14

2

and to enact sections 149.433, 2152.201, 2909.21,

3

2909.22, 2909.23, 2909.24, and 2909.25 of the

4

Revised Code to create the offenses of terrorism,

5

soliciting or providing support for an act of

6

terrorism, and making a terroristic threat; to

7

expand certain offenses and laws relative to those

8

offenses; to increase the penalty for obstructing

9

justice involving terrorism; to expand and rename

10

contaminating a substance for human consumption to

11

include contamination with any hazardous chemical,

12

biological, or radioactive substance; to exempt

13

certain security-related information from the

14

Public Records Law; to revise the Open Meetings Law

15

provision regarding executive sessions to consider

16

security matters; and to declare an emergency.

17

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO:

Section 1. That sections 121.22, 2901.01, 2903.01, 2921.32,	18
2923.31, 2927.24, 2929.04, 2933.51, and 2941.14 be amended and	19
sections 149.433, 2152.201, 2909.21, 2909.22, 2909.23, 2909.24,	20
and 2909.25 of the Revised Code be enacted to read as follows:	21

Sec. 121.22.  (A) This section shall be liberally construed	22
to require public officials to take official action and to conduct	23
all deliberations upon official business only in open meetings	24
unless the subject matter is specifically excepted by law.	25

(B) As used in this section:

26

(1) "Public body" means any of the following:

27

(a) Any board, commission, committee, council, or similar	28
decision-making body of a state agency, institution, or authority,	29
and any legislative authority or board, commission, committee,	30
council, agency, authority, or similar decision-making body of any	31
county, township, municipal corporation, school district, or other	32
political subdivision or local public institution;	33

(b) Any committee or subcommittee of a body described in	34
division (B)(1)(a) of this section;	35

(c) A court of jurisdiction of a sanitary district organized	36
wholly for the purpose of providing a water supply for domestic,	37
municipal, and public use when meeting for the purpose of the	38
appointment, removal, or reappointment of a member of the board of	39
directors of such a district pursuant to section 6115.10 of the	40
Revised Code, if applicable, or for any other matter related to	41
such a district other than litigation involving the district. As	42
used in division (B)(1)(c) of this section, "court of	43
jurisdiction" has the same meaning as "court" in section 6115.01	44
of the Revised Code.	45

(2) "Meeting" means any prearranged discussion of the public	46
business of the public body by a majority of its members.	47

(3) "Regulated individual" means either of the following:

48

(a) A student in a state or local public educational	49
institution;	50

(b) A person who is, voluntarily or involuntarily, an	51
inmate, patient, or resident of a state or local institution	52
because of criminal behavior, mental illness or retardation,	53
disease, disability, age, or other condition requiring custodial	54
care.	55

(4) "Public office" has the same meaning as in section	56
149.011 of the Revised Code.	57

(C) All meetings of any public body are declared to be	58
public meetings open to the public at all times. A member of a	59
public body shall be present in person at a meeting open to the	60
public to be considered present or to vote at the meeting and for	61
purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the	62
meeting.	63

The minutes of a regular or special meeting of any public	64
body shall be promptly prepared, filed, and maintained and shall	65
be open to public inspection. The minutes need only reflect the	66
general subject matter of discussions in executive sessions	67
authorized under division (G) or (J) of this section.	68

(D) This section does not apply to any of the following:

69

(1) A grand jury;

70

(2) An audit conference conducted by the auditor of state or	71
independent certified public accountants with officials of the	72
public office that is the subject of the audit;	73

(3) The adult parole authority when its hearings are	74
conducted at a correctional institution for the sole purpose of	75
interviewing inmates to determine parole or pardon;	76

(4) The organized crime investigations commission	77
established under section 177.01 of the Revised Code;	78

(5) Meetings of a child fatality review board established	79
under section 307.621 of the Revised Code and meetings conducted	80
pursuant to sections 5153.171 to 5153.173 of the Revised Code;	81

(6) The state medical board when determining whether to	82
suspend a certificate without a prior hearing pursuant to division	83
(G) of either section 4730.25 or 4731.22 of the Revised Code;	84

(7) The board of nursing when determining whether to suspend	85
a license or certificate without a prior hearing pursuant to	86
division (B) of section 4723.281 of the Revised Code;	87

(8) The state board of pharmacy when determining whether to	88
suspend a license without a prior hearing pursuant to division (D)	89
of section 4729.16 of the Revised Code;	90

(9) The state chiropractic board when determining whether to	91
suspend a license without a hearing pursuant to section 4734.37 of	92
the Revised Code.	93

(10) The executive committee of the emergency response	94
commission when determining whether to issue an enforcement order	95
or request that a civil action, civil penalty action, or criminal	96
action be brought to enforce Chapter 3750. of the Revised Code.	97

(E) The controlling board, the development financing	98
advisory council, the industrial technology and enterprise	99
advisory council, the tax credit authority, or the minority	100
development financing advisory board, when meeting to consider	101
granting assistance pursuant to Chapter 122. or 166. of the	102
Revised Code, in order to protect the interest of the applicant or	103
the possible investment of public funds, by unanimous vote of all	104
board, council, or authority members present, may close the	105
meeting during consideration of the following information	106
confidentially received by the authority, council, or board from	107
the applicant:	108

(1) Marketing plans;

109

(2) Specific business strategy;

110

(3) Production techniques and trade secrets;

111

(4) Financial projections;

112

(5) Personal financial statements of the applicant or	113
members of the applicant's immediate family, including, but not	114
limited to, tax records or other similar information not open to	115
public inspection.	116

The vote by the authority, council, or board to accept or	117
reject the application, as well as all proceedings of the	118
authority, council, or board not subject to this division, shall	119
be open to the public and governed by this section.	120

(F) Every public body, by rule, shall establish a reasonable	121
method whereby any person may determine the time and place of all	122
regularly scheduled meetings and the time, place, and purpose of	123
all special meetings. A public body shall not hold a special	124
meeting unless it gives at least twenty-four hours' advance notice	125
to the news media that have requested notification, except in the	126
event of an emergency requiring immediate official action. In the	127
event of an emergency, the member or members calling the meeting	128
shall notify the news media that have requested notification	129
immediately of the time, place, and purpose of the meeting.	130

The rule shall provide that any person, upon request and	131
payment of a reasonable fee, may obtain reasonable advance	132
notification of all meetings at which any specific type of public	133
business is to be discussed. Provisions for advance notification	134
may include, but are not limited to, mailing the agenda of	135
meetings to all subscribers on a mailing list or mailing notices	136
in self-addressed, stamped envelopes provided by the person.	137

(G) Except as provided in division (J) of this section, the	138
members of a public body may hold an executive session only after	139
a majority of a quorum of the public body determines, by a roll	140
call vote, to hold an executive session and only at a regular or	141
special meeting for the sole purpose of the consideration of any	142
of the following matters:	143

(1) To consider the appointment, employment, dismissal,	144
discipline, promotion, demotion, or compensation of a public	145
employee or official, or the investigation of charges or	146
complaints against a public employee, official, licensee, or	147
regulated individual, unless the public employee, official,	148
licensee, or regulated individual requests a public hearing.	149
Except as otherwise provided by law, no public body shall hold an	150
executive session for the discipline of an elected official for	151
conduct related to the performance of the elected official's	152
official duties or for the elected official's removal from office.	153
If a public body holds an executive session pursuant to division	154
(G)(1) of this section, the motion and vote to hold that executive	155
session shall state which one or more of the approved purposes	156
listed in division (G)(1) of this section are the purposes for	157
which the executive session is to be held, but need not include	158
the name of any person to be considered at the meeting.	159

(2) To consider the purchase of property for public	160
purposes, or for the sale of property at competitive bidding, if	161
premature disclosure of information would give an unfair	162
competitive or bargaining advantage to a person whose personal,	163
private interest is adverse to the general public interest. No	164
member of a public body shall use division (G)(2) of this section	165
as a subterfuge for providing covert information to prospective	166
buyers or sellers. A purchase or sale of public property is void	167
if the seller or buyer of the public property has received covert	168
information from a member of a public body that has not been	169
disclosed to the general public in sufficient time for other	170
prospective buyers and sellers to prepare and submit offers.	171

If the minutes of the public body show that all meetings and	172
deliberations of the public body have been conducted in compliance	173
with this section, any instrument executed by the public body	174
purporting to convey, lease, or otherwise dispose of any right,	175
title, or interest in any public property shall be conclusively	176
presumed to have been executed in compliance with this section	177
insofar as title or other interest of any bona fide purchasers,	178
lessees, or transferees of the property is concerned.	179

(3) Conferences with an attorney for the public body	180
concerning disputes involving the public body that are the subject	181
of pending or imminent court action;	182

(4) Preparing for, conducting, or reviewing negotiations or	183
bargaining sessions with public employees concerning their	184
compensation or other terms and conditions of their employment;	185

(5) Matters required to be kept confidential by federal law	186
or regulations or state statutes;	187

(6) Specialized details ofDetails relative to the security	188
arrangements and emergency response protocols for a public body or	189
a public office, if disclosure of the matters discussed might	190
reveal information that could reasonably be used for the purpose	191
of committing, or avoiding prosecution for, a violation of the law	192
expected to jeopardize the security of the public body or public	193
office;	194

(7) In the case of a county hospital operated pursuant to	195
Chapter 339. of the Revised Code, to consider trade secrets, as	196
defined in section 1333.61 of the Revised Code.	197

If a public body holds an executive session to consider any	198
of the matters listed in divisions (G)(2) to (7) of this section,	199
the motion and vote to hold that executive session shall state	200
which one or more of the approved matters listed in those	201
divisions are to be considered at the executive session.	202

A public body specified in division (B)(1)(c) of this section	203
shall not hold an executive session when meeting for the purposes	204
specified in that division.	205

(H) A resolution, rule, or formal action of any kind is	206
invalid unless adopted in an open meeting of the public body. A	207
resolution, rule, or formal action adopted in an open meeting that	208
results from deliberations in a meeting not open to the public is	209
invalid unless the deliberations were for a purpose specifically	210
authorized in division (G) or (J) of this section and conducted at	211
an executive session held in compliance with this section. A	212
resolution, rule, or formal action adopted in an open meeting is	213
invalid if the public body that adopted the resolution, rule, or	214
formal action violated division (F) of this section.	215

(I)(1) Any person may bring an action to enforce this	216
section. An action under division (I)(1) of this section shall be	217
brought within two years after the date of the alleged violation	218
or threatened violation. Upon proof of a violation or threatened	219
violation of this section in an action brought by any person, the	220
court of common pleas shall issue an injunction to compel the	221
members of the public body to comply with its provisions.	222

(2)(a) If the court of common pleas issues an injunction	223
pursuant to division (I)(1) of this section, the court shall order	224
the public body that it enjoins to pay a civil forfeiture of five	225
hundred dollars to the party that sought the injunction and shall	226
award to that party all court costs and, subject to reduction as	227
described in division (I)(2) of this section, reasonable	228
attorney's fees. The court, in its discretion, may reduce an	229
award of attorney's fees to the party that sought the injunction	230
or not award attorney's fees to that party if the court determines	231
both of the following:	232

(i) That, based on the ordinary application of statutory law	233
and case law as it existed at the time of violation or threatened	234
violation that was the basis of the injunction, a well-informed	235
public body reasonably would believe that the public body was not	236
violating or threatening to violate this section;	237

(ii) That a well-informed public body reasonably would	238
believe that the conduct or threatened conduct that was the basis	239
of the injunction would serve the public policy that underlies the	240
authority that is asserted as permitting that conduct or	241
threatened conduct.	242

(b) If the court of common pleas does not issue an	243
injunction pursuant to division (I)(1) of this section and the	244
court determines at that time that the bringing of the action was	245
frivolous conduct, as defined in division (A) of section 2323.51	246
of the Revised Code, the court shall award to the public body all	247
court costs and reasonable attorney's fees, as determined by the	248
court.	249

(3) Irreparable harm and prejudice to the party that sought	250
the injunction shall be conclusively and irrebuttably presumed	251
upon proof of a violation or threatened violation of this section.	252

(4) A member of a public body who knowingly violates an	253
injunction issued pursuant to division (I)(1) of this section may	254
be removed from office by an action brought in the court of common	255
pleas for that purpose by the prosecuting attorney or the attorney	256
general.	257

(J)(1) Pursuant to division (C) of section 5901.09 of the	258
Revised Code, a veterans service commission shall hold an	259
executive session for one or more of the following purposes unless	260
an applicant requests a public hearing:	261

(a) Interviewing an applicant for financial assistance under	262
sections 5901.01 to 5901.15 of the Revised Code;	263

(b) Discussing applications, statements, and other documents	264
described in division (B) of section 5901.09 of the Revised Code;	265

(c) Reviewing matters relating to an applicant's request for	266
financial assistance under sections 5901.01 to 5901.15 of the	267
Revised Code.	268

(2) A veterans service commission shall not exclude an	269
applicant for, recipient of, or former recipient of financial	270
assistance under sections 5901.01 to 5901.15 of the Revised Code,	271
and shall not exclude representatives selected by the applicant,	272
recipient, or former recipient, from a meeting that the commission	273
conducts as an executive session that pertains to the applicant's,	274
recipient's, or former recipient's application for financial	275
assistance.	276

(3) A veterans service commission shall vote on the grant or	277
denial of financial assistance under sections 5901.01 to 5901.15	278
of the Revised Code only in an open meeting of the commission. The	279
minutes of the meeting shall indicate the name, address, and	280
occupation of the applicant, whether the assistance was granted or	281
denied, the amount of the assistance if assistance is granted, and	282
the votes for and against the granting of assistance.	283

Sec. 149.433. (A) As used in this section:

284

(1) "Security record" means any record that relates to	285
protecting or maintaining the security of a public office.	286

(2) "Infrastructure record" means any record that discloses	287
the configuration of a public office's critical systems or the	288
infrastructure or structural configuration of the building in	289
which a public office is located. "Infrastructure record" does	290
not mean a simple floor plan that discloses only the spatial	291
relationship of components of a public office or the building in	292
which a public office is located.	293

(B) A record kept by a public office that is a security	294
record or an infrastructure record is not a public record under	295
section 149.43 of the Revised Code and is not subject to mandatory	296
release or disclosure under that section.	297

(C) Notwithstanding any other section of the Revised Code, a	298
public office's or a public employee's disclosure of a security	299
record or infrastructure record that is necessary for	300
construction, renovation, or remodeling work on any public	301
building or project does not constitute public disclosure for	302
purposes of waiving division (B) of this section and does not	303
result in that record becoming a public record for purposes of	304
section 149.43 of the Revised Code.	305

Sec. 2152.201. (A) In addition to any other dispositions	306
authorized or required by this chapter, the juvenile court making	307
disposition of a child adjudicated a delinquent child for	308
committing a violation of section 2909.22, 2909.23, or 2909.24 of	309
the Revised Code or a violation of section 2921.32 of the Revised	310
Code when the offense or act committed by the person aided or to	311
be aided as described in that section is an act of terrorism may	312
order the child to pay to the state, municipal, or county law	313
enforcement agencies that handled the investigation and	314
prosecution all of the costs that the state, municipal	315
corporation, or county reasonably incurred in the investigation	316
and prosecution of the violation. The court shall hold a hearing	317
to determine the amount of costs to be imposed under this section.	318
The court may hold the hearing as part of the dispositional	319
hearing for the child.	320

(B) If a child is adjudicated a delinquent child for	321
committing a violation of section 2909.23 or 2909.24 of the	322
Revised Code and if any political subdivision incurred any	323
response costs as a result of, or in making any response to, the	324
threat of the specified offense involved in the violation of	325
section 2909.23 of the Revised Code or the actual specified	326
offense involved in the violation of section 2909.24 of the	327
Revised Code, in addition to any other dispositions authorized or	328
required by this chapter, the juvenile court making disposition of	329
the child for the violation may order the child to reimburse the	330
involved political subdivision for the response costs it so	331
incurred.	332

(C) As used in this section, "response costs" and "act of	333
terrorism" have the same meanings as in section 2909.21 of the	334
Revised Code.	335

Sec. 2901.01.  (A) As used in the Revised Code:

336

(1) "Force" means any violence, compulsion, or constraint	337
physically exerted by any means upon or against a person or thing.	338

(2) "Deadly force" means any force that carries a	339
substantial risk that it will proximately result in the death of	340
any person.	341

(3) "Physical harm to persons" means any injury, illness, or	342
other physiological impairment, regardless of its gravity or	343
duration.	344

(4) "Physical harm to property" means any tangible or	345
intangible damage to property that, in any degree, results in loss	346
to its value or interferes with its use or enjoyment. "Physical	347
harm to property" does not include wear and tear occasioned by	348
normal use.	349

(5) "Serious physical harm to persons" means any of the	350
following:	351

(a) Any mental illness or condition of such gravity as would	352
normally require hospitalization or prolonged psychiatric	353
treatment;	354

(b) Any physical harm that carries a substantial risk of	355
death;	356

(c) Any physical harm that involves some permanent	357
incapacity, whether partial or total, or that involves some	358
temporary, substantial incapacity;	359

(d) Any physical harm that involves some permanent	360
disfigurement or that involves some temporary, serious	361
disfigurement;	362

(e) Any physical harm that involves acute pain of such	363
duration as to result in substantial suffering or that involves	364
any degree of prolonged or intractable pain.	365

(6) "Serious physical harm to property" means any physical	366
harm to property that does either of the following:	367

(a) Results in substantial loss to the value of the property	368
or requires a substantial amount of time, effort, or money to	369
repair or replace;	370

(b) Temporarily prevents the use or enjoyment of the	371
property or substantially interferes with its use or enjoyment for	372
an extended period of time.	373

(7) "Risk" means a significant possibility, as contrasted	374
with a remote possibility, that a certain result may occur or that	375
certain circumstances may exist.	376

(8) "Substantial risk" means a strong possibility, as	377
contrasted with a remote or significant possibility, that a	378
certain result may occur or that certain circumstances may exist.	379

(9) "Offense of violence" means any of the following:

380

(a) A violation of section 2903.01, 2903.02, 2903.03,	381
2903.04, 2903.11, 2903.12, 2903.13, 2903.15, 2903.21, 2903.211,	382
2903.22, 2905.01, 2905.02, 2905.11, 2907.02, 2907.03, 2907.05,	383
2909.02, 2909.03, 2909.24, 2911.01, 2911.02, 2911.11, 2917.01,	384
2917.02, 2917.03, 2917.31, 2919.25, 2921.03, 2921.04, 2921.34, or	385
2923.161, of division (A)(1), (2), or (3) of section 2911.12, or	386
of division (B)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of section 2919.22 of the	387
Revised Code or felonious sexual penetration in violation of	388
former section 2907.12 of the Revised Code;	389

(b) A violation of an existing or former municipal ordinance	390
or law of this or any other state or the United States,	391
substantially equivalent to any section, division, or offense	392
listed in division (A)(9)(a) of this section;	393

(c) An offense, other than a traffic offense, under an	394
existing or former municipal ordinance or law of this or any other	395
state or the United States, committed purposely or knowingly, and	396
involving physical harm to persons or a risk of serious physical	397
harm to persons;	398

(d) A conspiracy or attempt to commit, or complicity in	399
committing, any offense under division (A)(9)(a), (b), or (c) of	400
this section.	401

(10)(a) "Property" means any property, real or personal,	402
tangible or intangible, and any interest or license in that	403
property. "Property" includes, but is not limited to, cable	404
television service, other telecommunications service,	405
telecommunications devices, information service, computers, data,	406
computer software, financial instruments associated with	407
computers, other documents associated with computers, or copies of	408
the documents, whether in machine or human readable form, trade	409
secrets, trademarks, copyrights, patents, and property protected	410
by a trademark, copyright, or patent. "Financial instruments	411
associated with computers" include, but are not limited to,	412
checks, drafts, warrants, money orders, notes of indebtedness,	413
certificates of deposit, letters of credit, bills of credit or	414
debit cards, financial transaction authorization mechanisms,	415
marketable securities, or any computer system representations of	416
any of them.	417

(b) As used in division (A)(10) of this section, "trade	418
secret" has the same meaning as in section 1333.61 of the Revised	419
Code, and "telecommunications service" and "information service"	420
have the same meanings as in section 2913.01 of the Revised Code.	421

(c) As used in divisions (A)(10) and (13) of this section,	422
"cable television service," "computer," "computer software,"	423
"computer system," "computer network," "data," and	424
"telecommunications device" have the same meanings as in section	425
2913.01 of the Revised Code.	426

(11) "Law enforcement officer" means any of the following:

427

(a) A sheriff, deputy sheriff, constable, police officer of	428
a township or joint township police district, marshal, deputy	429
marshal, municipal police officer, member of a police force	430
employed by a metropolitan housing authority under division (D) of	431
section 3735.31 of the Revised Code, or state highway patrol	432
trooper;	433

(b) An officer, agent, or employee of the state or any of	434
its agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions, upon	435
whom, by statute, a duty to conserve the peace or to enforce all	436
or certain laws is imposed and the authority to arrest violators	437
is conferred, within the limits of that statutory duty and	438
authority;	439

(c) A mayor, in the mayor's capacity as chief conservator of	440
the peace within the mayor's municipal corporation;	441

(d) A member of an auxiliary police force organized by	442
county, township, or municipal law enforcement authorities, within	443
the scope of the member's appointment or commission;	444

(e) A person lawfully called pursuant to section 311.07 of	445
the Revised Code to aid a sheriff in keeping the peace, for the	446
purposes and during the time when the person is called;	447

(f) A person appointed by a mayor pursuant to section 737.01	448
of the Revised Code as a special patrolling officer during riot or	449
emergency, for the purposes and during the time when the person is	450
appointed;	451

(g) A member of the organized militia of this state or the	452
armed forces of the United States, lawfully called to duty to aid	453
civil authorities in keeping the peace or protect against domestic	454
violence;	455

(h) A prosecuting attorney, assistant prosecuting attorney,	456
secret service officer, or municipal prosecutor;	457

(i) An Ohio veterans' home police officer appointed under	458
section 5907.02 of the Revised Code;	459

(j) A member of a police force employed by a regional	460
transit authority under division (Y) of section 306.35 of the	461
Revised Code;	462

(k) A special police officer employed by a port authority	463
under section 4582.04 or 4582.28 of the Revised Code;	464

(l) The house sergeant at arms if the house sergeant at arms	465
has arrest authority pursuant to division (E)(1) of section	466
101.311 of the Revised Code and an assistant house sergeant at	467
arms.	468

(12) "Privilege" means an immunity, license, or right	469
conferred by law, bestowed by express or implied grant, arising	470
out of status, position, office, or relationship, or growing out	471
of necessity.	472

(13) "Contraband" means any property described in the	473
following categories:	474

(a) Property that in and of itself is unlawful for a person	475
to acquire or possess;	476

(b) Property that is not in and of itself unlawful for a	477
person to acquire or possess, but that has been determined by a	478
court of this state, in accordance with law, to be contraband	479
because of its use in an unlawful activity or manner, of its	480
nature, or of the circumstances of the person who acquires or	481
possesses it, including, but not limited to, goods and personal	482
property described in division (D) of section 2913.34 of the	483
Revised Code;	484

(c) Property that is specifically stated to be contraband by	485
a section of the Revised Code or by an ordinance, regulation, or	486
resolution;	487

(d) Property that is forfeitable pursuant to a section of	488
the Revised Code, or an ordinance, regulation, or resolution,	489
including, but not limited to, forfeitable firearms, dangerous	490
ordnance, obscene materials, and goods and personal property	491
described in division (D) of section 2913.34 of the Revised Code;	492

(e) Any controlled substance, as defined in section 3719.01	493
of the Revised Code, or any device, paraphernalia, money as	494
defined in section 1301.01 of the Revised Code, or other means of	495
exchange that has been, is being, or is intended to be used in an	496
attempt or conspiracy to violate, or in a violation of, Chapter	497
2925. or 3719. of the Revised Code;	498

(f) Any gambling device, paraphernalia, money as defined in	499
section 1301.01 of the Revised Code, or other means of exchange	500
that has been, is being, or is intended to be used in an attempt	501
or conspiracy to violate, or in the violation of, Chapter 2915. of	502
the Revised Code;	503

(g) Any equipment, machine, device, apparatus, vehicle,	504
vessel, container, liquid, or substance that has been, is being,	505
or is intended to be used in an attempt or conspiracy to violate,	506
or in the violation of, any law of this state relating to alcohol	507
or tobacco;	508

(h) Any personal property that has been, is being, or is	509
intended to be used in an attempt or conspiracy to commit, or in	510
the commission of, any offense or in the transportation of the	511
fruits of any offense;	512

(i) Any property that is acquired through the sale or other	513
transfer of contraband or through the proceeds of contraband,	514
other than by a court or a law enforcement agency acting within	515
the scope of its duties;	516

(j) Any computer, computer system, computer network,	517
computer software, or other telecommunications device that is used	518
in a conspiracy to commit, an attempt to commit, or the commission	519
of any offense, if the owner of the computer, computer system,	520
computer network, computer software, or other telecommunications	521
device is convicted of or pleads guilty to the offense in which it	522
is used;	523

(k) Any property that is material support or resources and	524
that has been, is being, or is intended to be used in an attempt	525
or conspiracy to violate, or in the violation of, section 2909.22,	526
2909.23, or 2909.24 of the Revised Code or of section 2921.32 of	527
the Revised Code when the offense or act committed by the person	528
aided or to be aided as described in that section is an act of	529
terrorism. As used in division (A)(13)(k) of this section,	530
"material support or resources" and "act of terrorism" have the	531
same meanings as in section 2909.21 of the Revised Code.	532

(14) A person is "not guilty by reason of insanity" relative	533
to a charge of an offense only if the person proves, in the manner	534
specified in section 2901.05 of the Revised Code, that at the time	535
of the commission of the offense, the person did not know, as a	536
result of a severe mental disease or defect, the wrongfulness of	537
the person's acts.	538

(B)(1)(a) Subject to division (B)(2) of this section, as	539
used in any section contained in Title XXIX of the Revised Code	540
that sets forth a criminal offense, "person" includes all of the	541
following:	542

(i) An individual, corporation, business trust, estate,	543
trust, partnership, and association;	544

(ii) An unborn human who is viable.

545

(b) As used in any section contained in Title XXIX of the	546
Revised Code that does not set forth a criminal offense, "person"	547
includes an individual, corporation, business trust, estate,	548
trust, partnership, and association.	549

(c) As used in division (B)(1)(a) of this section:

550

(i) "Unborn human" means an individual organism of the	551
species Homo sapiens from fertilization until live birth.	552

(ii) "Viable" means the stage of development of a human	553
fetus at which there is a realistic possibility of maintaining and	554
nourishing of a life outside the womb with or without temporary	555
artificial life-sustaining support.	556

(2) Notwithstanding division (B)(1)(a) of this section, in	557
no case shall the portion of the definition of the term "person"	558
that is set forth in division (B)(1)(a)(ii) of this section be	559
applied or construed in any section contained in Title XXIX of the	560
Revised Code that sets forth a criminal offense in any of the	561
following manners:	562

(a) Except as otherwise provided in division (B)(2)(a) of	563
this section, in a manner so that the offense prohibits or is	564
construed as prohibiting any pregnant woman or her physician from	565
performing an abortion with the consent of the pregnant woman,	566
with the consent of the pregnant woman implied by law in a medical	567
emergency, or with the approval of one otherwise authorized by law	568
to consent to medical treatment on behalf of the pregnant woman.	569
An abortion that violates the conditions described in the	570
immediately preceding sentence may be punished as a violation of	571
section 2903.01, 2903.02, 2903.03, 2903.04, 2903.05, 2903.06,	572
2903.08, 2903.11, 2903.12, 2903.13, 2903.14, 2903.21, or 2903.22	573
of the Revised Code, as applicable. An abortion that does not	574
violate the conditions described in the second immediately	575
preceding sentence, but that does violate section 2919.12,	576
division (B) of section 2919.13, or section 2919.151, 2919.17, or	577
2919.18 of the Revised Code, may be punished as a violation of	578
section 2919.12, division (B) of section 2919.13, or section	579
2919.151, 2919.17, or 2919.18 of the Revised Code, as applicable.	580
Consent is sufficient under this division if it is of the type	581
otherwise adequate to permit medical treatment to the pregnant	582
woman, even if it does not comply with section 2919.12 of the	583
Revised Code.	584

(b) In a manner so that the offense is applied or is	585
construed as applying to a woman based on an act or omission of	586
the woman that occurs while she is or was pregnant and that	587
results in any of the following:	588

(i) Her delivery of a stillborn baby;

589

(ii) Her causing, in any other manner, the death in utero of	590
a viable, unborn human that she is carrying;	591

(iii) Her causing the death of her child who is born alive	592
but who dies from one or more injuries that are sustained while	593
the child is a viable, unborn human;	594

(iv) Her causing her child who is born alive to sustain one	595
or more injuries while the child is a viable, unborn human;	596

(v) Her causing, threatening to cause, or attempting to	597
cause, in any other manner, an injury, illness, or other	598
physiological impairment, regardless of its duration or gravity,	599
or a mental illness or condition, regardless of its duration or	600
gravity, to a viable, unborn human that she is carrying.	601

(C) As used in Title XXIX of the Revised Code:

602

(1) "School safety zone" consists of a school, school	603
building, school premises, school activity, and school bus.	604

(2) "School," "school building," and "school premises" have	605
the same meanings as in section 2925.01 of the Revised Code.	606

(3) "School activity" means any activity held under the	607
auspices of a board of education of a city, local, exempted	608
village, joint vocational, or cooperative education school	609
district, a governing board of an educational service center, or	610
the governing body of a school for which the state board of	611
education prescribes minimum standards under section 3301.07 of	612
the Revised Code.	613

(4) "School bus" has the same meaning as in section 4511.01	614
of the Revised Code.	615

Sec. 2903.01.  (A) No person shall purposely, and with prior	616
calculation and design, cause the death of another or the unlawful	617
termination of another's pregnancy.	618

(B) No person shall purposely cause the death of another or	619
the unlawful termination of another's pregnancy while committing	620
or attempting to commit, or while fleeing immediately after	621
committing or attempting to commit, kidnapping, rape, aggravated	622
arson or, arson, aggravated robbery or, robbery, aggravated	623
burglary or, burglary, terrorism, or escape.	624

(C) No person shall purposely cause the death of another who	625
is under thirteen years of age at the time of the commission of	626
the offense.	627

(D) No person who is under detention as a result of having	628
been found guilty of or having pleaded guilty to a felony or who	629
breaks that detention shall purposely cause the death of another.	630

(E) No person shall purposely cause the death of a law	631
enforcement officer whom the offender knows or has reasonable	632
cause to know is a law enforcement officer when either of the	633
following applies:	634

(1) The victim, at the time of the commission of the	635
offense, is engaged in the victim's duties.	636

(2) It is the offender's specific purpose to kill a law	637
enforcement officer.	638

(F) Whoever violates this section is guilty of aggravated	639
murder, and shall be punished as provided in section 2929.02 of	640
the Revised Code.	641

(G) As used in this section:

642

(1) "Detention" has the same meaning as in section 2921.01	643
of the Revised Code.	644

(2) "Law enforcement officer" has the same meaning as in	645
section 2911.01 of the Revised Code.	646

Sec. 2909.21. As used in sections 2909.21 to 2909.25 of the	647
Revised Code:	648

(A) "Act of terrorism" means an act that is committed	649
within or outside the territorial jurisdiction of this state or	650
the United States, that constitutes a specified offense if	651
committed in this state or constitutes an offense in any	652
jurisdiction within or outside the territorial jurisdiction of the	653
United States containing all of the essential elements of a	654
specified offense, and that is intended to do one or more of the	655
following:	656

(1) Intimidate or coerce a civilian population;

657

(2) Influence the policy of any government by intimidation	658
or coercion;	659

(3) Affect the conduct of any government by the act that	660
constitutes the offense.	661

(B) "Material support or resources" means currency, payment	662
instruments, other financial securities, financial services,	663
lodging, training, safehouses, false documentation or	664
identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons,	665
lethal substances, explosives, personnel, transportation, and	666
other physical assets, except medicine or religious materials.	667

(C) "Payment instrument" means a check, draft, money order,	668
traveler's check, cashier's check, teller's check, or other	669
instrument or order for the transmission or payment of money,	670
regardless of whether the item in question is negotiable.	671

(D) "Response costs" means all costs a political subdivision	672
incurs as a result of, or in making any response to, a threat of a	673
specified offense made as described in section 2909.23 of the	674
Revised Code or a specified offense committed as described in	675
section 2909.24 of the Revised Code, including, but not limited	676
to, all costs so incurred by any law enforcement officers,	677
firefighters, rescue personnel, or emergency medical services	678
personnel of the political subdivision and all costs so incurred	679
by the political subdivision that relate to laboratory testing or	680
hazardous material cleanup.	681

(E) "Specified offense" means any of the following:

682

(1) A felony offense of violence, a violation of section	683
2909.04 or 2927.24 of the Revised Code, or a felony of the first	684
degree that is not a violation of any provision in Chapter 2925.	685
or 3719. of the Revised Code;	686

(2) An attempt to commit, complicity in committing, or a	687
conspiracy to commit an offense listed in division (E)(1) of this	688
section.	689

Sec. 2909.22. (A) No person shall raise, solicit, collect,	690
donate, or provide any material support or resources, with purpose	691
that the material support or resources will be used in whole or in	692
part to plan, prepare, carry out, or aid in either an act of	693
terrorism or the concealment of, or an escape from, an act of	694
terrorism.	695

(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of soliciting	696
or providing support for an act of terrorism, a felony of the	697
third degree. Section 2909.25 of the Revised Code applies	698
regarding an offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a	699
violation of this section.	700

(C) A prosecution for a violation of this section does not	701
preclude a prosecution for a violation of any other section of the	702
Revised Code. One or more acts, a series of acts, or a course of	703
behavior that can be prosecuted under this section or any other	704
section of the Revised Code may be prosecuted under this section,	705
the other section, or both sections.	706

Sec. 2909.23. (A) No person shall threaten to commit or	707
threaten to cause to be committed a specified offense when both of	708
the following apply:	709

(1) The person makes the threat with purpose to do any of	710
the following:	711

(a) Intimidate or coerce a civilian population;

712

(b) Influence the policy of any government by intimidation or	713
coercion;	714

(c) Affect the conduct of any government by the threat or by	715
the specified offense.	716

(2) As a result of the threat, the person causes a	717
reasonable expectation or fear of the imminent commission of the	718
specified offense.	719

(B) It is not a defense to a charge of a violation of this	720
section that the defendant did not have the intent or capability	721
to commit the threatened specified offense or that the threat was	722
not made to a person who was a subject of the threatened specified	723
offense.	724

(C) Whoever violates this section is guilty of making a	725
terroristic threat, a felony of the third degree. Section 2909.25	726
of the Revised Code applies regarding an offender who is convicted	727
of or pleads guilty to a violation of this section.	728

Sec. 2909.24. (A) No person shall commit a specified offense	729
with purpose to do any of the following:	730

(1) Intimidate or coerce a civilian population;

731

(2) Influence the policy of any government by intimidation	732
or coercion;	733

(3) Affect the conduct of any government by the specified	734
offense.	735

(B)(1) Whoever violates this section is guilty of	736
terrorism.	737

(2) Except as otherwise provided in divisions (B)(3) and	738
(4) of this section, terrorism is an offense one degree higher	739
than the most serious underlying specified offense the defendant	740
committed.	741

(3) If the most serious underlying specified offense the	742
defendant committed is a felony of the first degree or murder, the	743
person shall be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole.	744

(4) If the most serious underlying specified offense the	745
defendant committed is aggravated murder, the offender shall be	746
sentenced to life imprisonment without parole or death pursuant to	747
sections 2929.02 to 2929.06 of the Revised Code.	748

(5) Section 2909.25 of the Revised Code applies regarding an	749
offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of	750
this section.	751

Sec. 2909.25. (A) In addition to the financial sanctions	752
authorized under section 2929.18 of the Revised Code, the court	753
imposing sentence upon an offender who is convicted of or pleads	754
guilty to a violation of section 2909.22, 2909.23, or 2909.24 of	755
the Revised Code or to a violation of section 2921.32 of the	756
Revised Code when the offense or act committed by the person aided	757
or to be aided as described in that section is an act of terrorism	758
may order the offender to pay to the state, municipal, or county	759
law enforcement agencies that handled the investigation and	760
prosecution all of the costs that the state, municipal	761
corporation, or county reasonably incurred in the investigation	762
and prosecution of the violation. The court shall hold a hearing	763
to determine the amount of costs to be imposed under this section.	764
The court may hold the hearing as part of the sentencing hearing	765
for the offender.	766

(B) If a person is convicted of or pleads guilty to a	767
violation of section 2909.23 or 2909.24 of the Revised Code and if	768
any political subdivision incurred any response costs as a result	769
of, or in making any response to, the threat of the specified	770
offense involved in the violation of section 2909.23 of the	771
Revised Code or the actual specified offense involved in the	772
violation of section 2909.24 of the Revised Code, in addition to	773
the financial sanctions authorized under section 2929.18 of the	774
Revised Code, the court imposing sentence upon the offender for	775
the violation may order the offender to reimburse the involved	776
political subdivision for the response costs it so incurred.	777

Sec. 2921.32.  (A) No person, with purpose to hinder the	778
discovery, apprehension, prosecution, conviction, or punishment of	779
another for crime or to assist another to benefit from the	780
commission of a crime, and no person, with purpose to hinder the	781
discovery, apprehension, prosecution, adjudication as a delinquent	782
child, or disposition of a child for an act that if committed by	783
an adult would be a crime or to assist a child to benefit from the	784
commission of an act that if committed by an adult would be a	785
crime, shall do any of the following:	786

(1) Harbor or conceal the other person or child;

787

(2) Provide the other person or child with money,	788
transportation, a weapon, a disguise, or other means of avoiding	789
discovery or apprehension;	790

(3) Warn the other person or child of impending discovery or	791
apprehension;	792

(4) Destroy or conceal physical evidence of the crime or	793
act, or induce any person to withhold testimony or information or	794
to elude legal process summoning the person to testify or supply	795
evidence;	796

(5) Communicate false information to any person;

797

(6) Prevent or obstruct any person, by means of force,	798
intimidation, or deception, from performing any act to aid in the	799
discovery, apprehension, or prosectuion of the other person or	800
child.	801

(B) A person may be prosecuted for, and may be convicted of	802
or adjudicated a delinquent child for committing, a violation of	803
division (A) of this section regardless of whether the person or	804
child aided ultimately is apprehended for, is charged with, is	805
convicted of, pleads guilty to, or is adjudicated a delinquent	806
child for committing the crime or act the person or child aided	807
committed. The crime or act the person or child aided committed	808
shall be used under division (C) of this section in determining	809
the penalty for the violation of division (A) of this section,	810
regardless of whether the person or child aided ultimately is	811
apprehended for, is charged with, is convicted of, pleads guilty	812
to, or is adjudicated a delinquent child for committing the crime	813
or act the person or child aided committed.	814

(C)(1) Whoever violates this section is guilty of	815
obstructing justice.	816

(2) If the crime committed by the person aided is a	817
misdemeanor or if the act committed by the child aided would be a	818
misdemeanor if committed by an adult, obstructing justice is a	819
misdemeanor of the same degree as the crime committed by the	820
person aided or a misdemeanor of the same degree that the act	821
committed by the child aided would be if committed by an adult.	822

(3) Except as otherwise provided in division (B)divisions	823
(C)(4) and (5) of this section, if the crime committed by the	824
person aided is a felony or if the act committed by the child	825
aided would be a felony if committed by an adult, obstructing	826
justice is a felony of the fifth degree.	827

(4) If the crime committed by the person aided is aggravated	828
murder, murder, or a felony of the first or second degree or if	829
the act committed by the child aided would be one of those	830
offenses if committed by an adult and if the offender knows or has	831
reason to believe that the crime committed by the person aided is	832
one of those offenses or that the act committed by the child aided	833
would be one of those offenses if committed by an adult,	834
obstructing justice is a felony of the third degree.	835

(C)(5) If the crime or act committed by the person or child	836
aided is an act of terrorism, obstructing justice is one of the	837
following:	838

(a) Except as provided in division (C)(5)(b) of this section,	839
a felony of the second degree;	840

(b) If the act of terrorism resulted in the death of a person	841
who was not a participant in the act of terrorism, a felony of the	842
first degree.	843

(D) As used in this section:

844

(1) "Adult" and "child" have the same meanings as in section	845
2151.011 of the Revised Code.	846

(2) "Delinquent child" has the same meaning as in section	847
2152.02 of the Revised Code.	848

(3) "Act of terrorism" has the same meaning as in section	849
2909.21 of the Revised Code.	850

Sec. 2923.31.  As used in sections 2923.31 to 2923.36 of the	851
Revised Code:	852

(A) "Beneficial interest" means any of the following:

853

(1) The interest of a person as a beneficiary under a trust	854
in which the trustee holds title to personal or real property;	855

(2) The interest of a person as a beneficiary under any	856
other trust arrangement under which any other person holds title	857
to personal or real property for the benefit of such person;	858

(3) The interest of a person under any other form of express	859
fiduciary arrangement under which any other person holds title to	860
personal or real property for the benefit of such person.	861

"Beneficial interest" does not include the interest of a	862
stockholder in a corporation or the interest of a partner in	863
either a general or limited partnership.	864

(B) "Costs of investigation and prosecution" and "costs of	865
investigation and litigation" mean all of the costs incurred by	866
the state or a county or municipal corporation under sections	867
2923.31 to 2923.36 of the Revised Code in the prosecution and	868
investigation of any criminal action or in the litigation and	869
investigation of any civil action, and includes, but is not	870
limited to, the costs of resources and personnel.	871

(C) "Enterprise" includes any individual, sole	872
proprietorship, partnership, limited partnership, corporation,	873
trust, union, government agency, or other legal entity, or any	874
organization, association, or group of persons associated in fact	875
although not a legal entity. "Enterprise" includes illicit as	876
well as licit enterprises.	877

(D) "Innocent person" includes any bona fide purchaser of	878
property that is allegedly involved in a violation of section	879
2923.32 of the Revised Code, including any person who establishes	880
a valid claim to or interest in the property in accordance with	881
division (E) of section 2923.32 of the Revised Code, and any	882
victim of an alleged violation of that section or of any	883
underlying offense involved in an alleged violation of that	884
section.	885

(E) "Pattern of corrupt activity" means two or more	886
incidents of corrupt activity, whether or not there has been a	887
prior conviction, that are related to the affairs of the same	888
enterprise, are not isolated, and are not so closely related to	889
each other and connected in time and place that they constitute a	890
single event.	891

At least one of the incidents forming the pattern shall occur	892
on or after January 1, 1986. Unless any incident was an	893
aggravated murder or murder, the last of the incidents forming the	894
pattern shall occur within six years after the commission of any	895
prior incident forming the pattern, excluding any period of	896
imprisonment served by any person engaging in the corrupt	897
activity.	898

For the purposes of the criminal penalties that may be	899
imposed pursuant to section 2923.32 of the Revised Code, at least	900
one of the incidents forming the pattern shall constitute a felony	901
under the laws of this state in existence at the time it was	902
committed or, if committed in violation of the laws of the United	903
States or of any other state, shall constitute a felony under the	904
law of the United States or the other state and would be a	905
criminal offense under the law of this state if committed in this	906
state.	907

(F) "Pecuniary value" means money, a negotiable instrument,	908
a commercial interest, or anything of value, as defined in section	909
1.03 of the Revised Code, or any other property or service that	910
has a value in excess of one hundred dollars.	911

(G) "Person" means any person, as defined in section 1.59 of	912
the Revised Code, and any governmental officer, employee, or	913
entity.	914

(H) "Personal property" means any personal property, any	915
interest in personal property, or any right, including, but not	916
limited to, bank accounts, debts, corporate stocks, patents, or	917
copyrights. Personal property and any beneficial interest in	918
personal property are deemed to be located where the trustee of	919
the property, the personal property, or the instrument evidencing	920
the right is located.	921

(I) "Corrupt activity" means engaging in, attempting to	922
engage in, conspiring to engage in, or soliciting, coercing, or	923
intimidating another person to engage in any of the following:	924

(1) Conduct defined as "racketeering activity" under the	925
"Organized Crime Control Act of 1970," 84 Stat. 941, 18 U.S.C.	926
1961(1)(B), (1)(C), (1)(D), and (1)(E), as amended;	927

(2) Conduct constituting any of the following:

928

(a) A violation of section 1315.55, 1322.02, 2903.01,	929
2903.02, 2903.03, 2903.04, 2903.11, 2903.12, 2905.01, 2905.02,	930
2905.11, 2905.22, 2907.321, 2907.322, 2907.323, 2909.02, 2909.03,	931
2909.22, 2909.23, 2909.24, 2911.01, 2911.02, 2911.11, 2911.12,	932
2911.13, 2911.31, 2913.05, 2913.06, 2921.02, 2921.03, 2921.04,	933
2921.11, 2921.12, 2921.32, 2921.41, 2921.42, 2921.43, 2923.12, or	934
2923.17; division (F)(1)(a), (b), or (c) of section 1315.53;	935
division (A)(1) or (2) of section 1707.042; division (B), (C)(4),	936
(D), (E), or (F) of section 1707.44; division (A)(1) or (2) of	937
section 2923.20; division (J)(1) of section 4712.02; section	938
4719.02, 4719.05, or 4719.06; division (C), (D), or (E) of section	939
4719.07; section 4719.08; or division (A) of section 4719.09 of	940
the Revised Code.	941

(b) Any violation of section 3769.11, 3769.15, 3769.16, or	942
3769.19 of the Revised Code as it existed prior to July 1, 1996,	943
any violation of section 2915.02 of the Revised Code that occurs	944
on or after July 1, 1996, and that, had it occurred prior to that	945
date, would have been a violation of section 3769.11 of the	946
Revised Code as it existed prior to that date, or any violation of	947
section 2915.05 of the Revised Code that occurs on or after July	948
1, 1996, and that, had it occurred prior to that date, would have	949
been a violation of section 3769.15, 3769.16, or 3769.19 of the	950
Revised Code as it existed prior to that date.	951

(c) Any violation of section 2907.21, 2907.22, 2907.31,	952
2913.02, 2913.11, 2913.21, 2913.31, 2913.32, 2913.34, 2913.42,	953
2913.47, 2913.51, 2915.03, 2925.03, 2925.04, 2925.05, or 2925.37	954
of the Revised Code, any violation of section 2925.11 of the	955
Revised Code that is a felony of the first, second, third, or	956
fourth degree and that occurs on or after July 1, 1996, any	957
violation of section 2915.02 of the Revised Code that occurred	958
prior to July 1, 1996, any violation of section 2915.02 of the	959
Revised Code that occurs on or after July 1, 1996, and that, had	960
it occurred prior to that date, would not have been a violation of	961
section 3769.11 of the Revised Code as it existed prior to that	962
date, any violation of section 2915.06 of the Revised Code as it	963
existed prior to July 1, 1996, or any violation of division (B) of	964
section 2915.05 of the Revised Code as it exists on and after July	965
1, 1996, when the proceeds of the violation, the payments made in	966
the violation, the amount of a claim for payment or for any other	967
benefit that is false or deceptive and that is involved in the	968
violation, or the value of the contraband or other property	969
illegally possessed, sold, or purchased in the violation exceeds	970
five hundred dollars, or any combination of violations described	971
in division (I)(2)(c) of this section when the total proceeds of	972
the combination of violations, payments made in the combination of	973
violations, amount of the claims for payment or for other benefits	974
that is false or deceptive and that is involved in the combination	975
of violations, or value of the contraband or other property	976
illegally possessed, sold, or purchased in the combination of	977
violations exceeds five hundred dollars;	978

(d) Any violation of section 5743.112 of the Revised Code	979
when the amount of unpaid tax exceeds one hundred dollars;	980

(e) Any violation or combination of violations of section	981
2907.32 of the Revised Code involving any material or performance	982
containing a display of bestiality or of sexual conduct, as	983
defined in section 2907.01 of the Revised Code, that is explicit	984
and depicted with clearly visible penetration of the genitals or	985
clearly visible penetration by the penis of any orifice when the	986
total proceeds of the violation or combination of violations, the	987
payments made in the violation or combination of violations, or	988
the value of the contraband or other property illegally possessed,	989
sold, or purchased in the violation or combination of violations	990
exceeds five hundred dollars;	991

(f) Any combination of violations described in division	992
(I)(2)(c) of this section and violations of section 2907.32 of the	993
Revised Code involving any material or performance containing a	994
display of bestiality or of sexual conduct, as defined in section	995
2907.01 of the Revised Code, that is explicit and depicted with	996
clearly visible penetration of the genitals or clearly visible	997
penetration by the penis of any orifice when the total proceeds of	998
the combination of violations, payments made in the combination of	999
violations, amount of the claims for payment or for other benefits	1000
that is false or deceptive and that is involved in the combination	1001
of violations, or value of the contraband or other property	1002
illegally possessed, sold, or purchased in the combination of	1003
violations exceeds five hundred dollars.	1004

(3) Conduct constituting a violation of any law of any state	1005
other than this state that is substantially similar to the conduct	1006
described in division (I)(2) of this section, provided the	1007
defendant was convicted of the conduct in a criminal proceeding in	1008
the other state.	1009

(J) "Real property" means any real property or any interest	1010
in real property, including, but not limited to, any lease of, or	1011
mortgage upon, real property. Real property and any beneficial	1012
interest in it is deemed to be located where the real property is	1013
located.	1014

(K) "Trustee" means any of the following:

1015

(1) Any person acting as trustee under a trust in which the	1016
trustee holds title to personal or real property;	1017

(2) Any person who holds title to personal or real property	1018
for which any other person has a beneficial interest;	1019

(3) Any successor trustee.

1020

"Trustee" does not include an assignee or trustee for an	1021
insolvent debtor or an executor, administrator, administrator with	1022
the will annexed, testamentary trustee, guardian, or committee,	1023
appointed by, under the control of, or accountable to a court.	1024

(L) "Unlawful debt" means any money or other thing of value	1025
constituting principal or interest of a debt that is legally	1026
unenforceable in this state in whole or in part because the debt	1027
was incurred or contracted in violation of any federal or state	1028
law relating to the business of gambling activity or relating to	1029
the business of lending money at an usurious rate unless the	1030
creditor proves, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the	1031
usurious rate was not intentionally set and that it resulted from	1032
a good faith error by the creditor, notwithstanding the	1033
maintenance of procedures that were adopted by the creditor to	1034
avoid an error of that nature.	1035

Sec. 2927.24.  (A) As used in this section:

1036

(1) "Poison" has the same meaning as in section 3719.01 of	1037
the Revised Code.	1038

(2) "Drug" has the same meaning as in section 4729.01 of the	1039
Revised Code.	1040

(3) "Hazardous chemical, biological, or radioactive	1041
substance" means any of the following:	1042

(a) Any toxic or poisonous chemical, the precursor of any	1043
toxic or poisonous chemical, or any toxin;	1044

(b) Any disease organism or biological agent;

1045

(c) Any substance or item that releases or is designed to	1046
release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human	1047
life.	1048

(4) "Biological agent" means any microorganism, virus,	1049
infectious substance, or biological product that may be engineered	1050
through biotechnology, or any naturally occurring or bioengineered	1051
component of any microorganism, virus, infectious substance, or	1052
biological product that may be engineered through biotechnology,	1053
capable of causing death, disease, or other biological malfunction	1054
in a human, an animal, a plant, or another living organism,	1055
deterioration of food, water, equipment, supplies, or material of	1056
any kind, or deleterious alteration of the environment.	1057

(5) "Toxin" means the toxic material of plants, animals,	1058
microorganisms, viruses, fungi, or infectious substances, or a	1059
recombinant molecule, whatever its origin or method of	1060
reproduction, including, but not limited to, any poisonous	1061
substance or biological product that may be engineered through	1062
biotechnology or produced by a living organism and any poisonous	1063
isomer or biological product, homolog, or derivative of any	1064
substance or product of that nature.	1065

(B) Except as provided in division (D) of this section, no	1066
person shall knowinglydo any of the following:	1067

(1) Knowingly mingle a poison, hazardous chemical,	1068
biological, or radioactive substance, or other harmful substance	1069
with a food, drink, nonprescription drug, prescription drug, or	1070
pharmaceutical product, or knowingly place a poison, hazardous	1071
chemical, biological, or radioactive substance, or other harmful	1072
substance in a spring, well, reservoir, or public water supply, if	1073
the person knows or has reason to know that the food, drink,	1074
nonprescription drug, prescription drug, pharmaceutical product,	1075
or water may be ingested or used by another person. For purposes	1076
of this division, a person does not know or have reason to know	1077
that water may be ingested or used by another person if it is	1078
disposed of as waste into a household drain including the drain of	1079
a toilet, sink, tub, or floor.	1080

(2) Knowingly release into the air, knowingly leave in any	1081
public place, or knowingly expose one or more persons to any	1082
hazardous chemical, biological, or radioactive substance with the	1083
intent to cause, or create a risk of, death or serious physical	1084
harm to any person.	1085

(C) No person shall informdo any of the following:

1086

(1) Inform another person that a poison, hazardous chemical,	1087
biological, or radioactive substance, or other harmful substance	1088
has been or will be placed in a food, drink, nonprescription drug,	1089
prescription drug, or other pharmaceutical product, spring, well,	1090
reservoir, or public water supply, if the placement of the poison	1091
or other harmful substance would be a violation of division (B)(1)	1092
of this section, and the person knows both that the information is	1093
false and that the information likely will be disseminated to the	1094
public.	1095

(2) Inform another person that a hazardous chemical,	1096
biological, or radioactive substance has been or will be released	1097
into the air or left in a public place, or that one or more	1098
persons has been or will be exposed to a hazardous chemical,	1099
biological, or radioactive substance, if the release, leaving, or	1100
exposure of the hazardous chemical, biological, or radioactive	1101
substance would be a violation of division (B)(2) of this section,	1102
and the person knows both that the information is false and that	1103
the information likely will be disseminated to the general public.	1104

(D)(1) A person may mingle a drug with a food or drink for	1105
the purpose of causing the drug to be ingested or used in the	1106
quantity described by its labeling or prescription.	1107

(2) A person may place a poison or other harmful substance	1108
in a spring, well, reservoir, or public water supply in such	1109
quantity as is necessary to treat the spring, well, reservoir, or	1110
water supply to make it safe for human consumption and use.	1111

(3) The provisions of division (A)(B) of this section shall	1112
not be applied in a manner that conflicts with any other state or	1113
federal law or rule relating to substances permitted to be applied	1114
to or present in any food, raw or processed, any milk or milk	1115
product, any meat or meat product, any type of crop, water, or	1116
alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage.	1117

(E)(1) Whoever violates division (B)(1) or (2) of this	1118
section is guilty of contaminating a substance for human	1119
consumption or use or contamination with a hazardous chemical,	1120
biological, or radioactive substance. Except as otherwise	1121
provided in this division, contaminating a substance for human	1122
consumption or use or contamination with a hazardous chemical,	1123
biological, or radioactive substance is a felony of the first	1124
degree. If the offense involved an amount of poison, the	1125
hazardous chemical, biological, or radioactive substance, or the	1126
other harmful substance sufficient to cause death if ingested or	1127
used by a person regarding a violation of division (B)(1) of this	1128
section or sufficient to cause death to persons who are exposed to	1129
it regarding a violation of division (B)(2) of this section or if	1130
the offense resulted in serious physical harm to another person,	1131
whoever violates division (B)(1) or (2) of this section shall be	1132
imprisoned for life with parole eligibility after serving fifteen	1133
years of imprisonment.	1134

(2) Whoever violates division (C)(1) or (2) of this section	1135
is guilty of spreading a false report of contamination, a felony	1136
of the fourth degree.	1137

(F) Divisions (C)(1) and (2) of this section do not limit or	1138
affect the application of sections 2917.31 or 2917.32 of the	1139
Revised Code. Any act that is a violation of both division (C)(1)	1140
or (2) of this section and of section 2917.31 or 2917.32 of the	1141
Revised Code may be prosecuted under this section, section 2917.31	1142
or 2917.32 of the Revised Code, or both this section and section	1143
2917.31 or 2917.32 of the Revised Code.	1144

Sec. 2929.04.  (A) Imposition of the death penalty for	1145
aggravated murder is precluded unless one or more of the following	1146
is specified in the indictment or count in the indictment pursuant	1147
to section 2941.14 of the Revised Code and proved beyond a	1148
reasonable doubt:	1149

(1) The offense was the assassination of the president of	1150
the United States or a person in line of succession to the	1151
presidency, the governor or lieutenant governor of this state, the	1152
president-elect or vice president-elect of the United States, the	1153
governor-elect or lieutenant governor-elect of this state, or a	1154
candidate for any of the offices described in this division. For	1155
purposes of this division, a person is a candidate if the person	1156
has been nominated for election according to law, if the person	1157
has filed a petition or petitions according to law to have the	1158
person's name placed on the ballot in a primary or general	1159
election, or if the person campaigns as a write-in candidate in a	1160
primary or general election.	1161

(2) The offense was committed for hire.

1162

(3) The offense was committed for the purpose of escaping	1163
detection, apprehension, trial, or punishment for another offense	1164
committed by the offender.	1165

(4) The offense was committed while the offender was under	1166
detention or while the offender was at large after having broken	1167
detention. As used in division (A)(4) of this section,	1168
"detention" has the same meaning as in section 2921.01 of the	1169
Revised Code, except that detention does not include	1170
hospitalization, institutionalization, or confinement in a mental	1171
health facility or mental retardation and developmentally disabled	1172
facility unless at the time of the commission of the offense	1173
either of the following circumstances apply:	1174

(a) The offender was in the facility as a result of being	1175
charged with a violation of a section of the Revised Code.	1176

(b) The offender was under detention as a result of being	1177
convicted of or pleading guilty to a violation of a section of the	1178
Revised Code.	1179

(5) Prior to the offense at bar, the offender was convicted	1180
of an offense an essential element of which was the purposeful	1181
killing of or attempt to kill another, or the offense at bar was	1182
part of a course of conduct involving the purposeful killing of or	1183
attempt to kill two or more persons by the offender.	1184

(6) The victim of the offense was a law enforcement officer,	1185
as defined in section 2911.01 of the Revised Code, whom the	1186
offender had reasonable cause to know or knew to be a law	1187
enforcement officer as so defined, and either the victim, at the	1188
time of the commission of the offense, was engaged in the victim's	1189
duties, or it was the offender's specific purpose to kill a law	1190
enforcement officer as so defined.	1191

(7) The offense was committed while the offender was	1192
committing, attempting to commit, or fleeing immediately after	1193
committing or attempting to commit kidnapping, rape, aggravated	1194
arson, aggravated robbery, or aggravated burglary, and either the	1195
offender was the principal offender in the commission of the	1196
aggravated murder or, if not the principal offender, committed the	1197
aggravated murder with prior calculation and design.	1198

(8) The victim of the aggravated murder was a witness to an	1199
offense who was purposely killed to prevent the victim's testimony	1200
in any criminal proceeding and the aggravated murder was not	1201
committed during the commission, attempted commission, or flight	1202
immediately after the commission or attempted commission of the	1203
offense to which the victim was a witness, or the victim of the	1204
aggravated murder was a witness to an offense and was purposely	1205
killed in retaliation for the victim's testimony in any criminal	1206
proceeding.	1207

(9) The offender, in the commission of the offense,	1208
purposefully caused the death of another who was under thirteen	1209
years of age at the time of the commission of the offense, and	1210
either the offender was the principal offender in the commission	1211
of the offense or, if not the principal offender, committed the	1212
offense with prior calculation and design.	1213

(10) The offender, in the commission of the offense,	1214
purposely caused the death of another as a result of an act of	1215
terrorism, as defined in section 2909.21 of the Revised Code, or	1216
the offense was committed while the offender was committing,	1217
attempting to commit, or fleeing immediately after committing or	1218
attempting to commit terrorism.	1219

(B) If one or more of the aggravating circumstances listed	1220
in division (A) of this section is specified in the indictment or	1221
count in the indictment and proved beyond a reasonable doubt, and	1222
if the offender did not raise the matter of age pursuant to	1223
section 2929.023 of the Revised Code or if the offender, after	1224
raising the matter of age, was found at trial to have been	1225
eighteen years of age or older at the time of the commission of	1226
the offense, the court, trial jury, or panel of three judges shall	1227
consider, and weigh against the aggravating circumstances proved	1228
beyond a reasonable doubt, the nature and circumstances of the	1229
offense, the history, character, and background of the offender,	1230
and all of the following factors:	1231

(1) Whether the victim of the offense induced or facilitated	1232
it;	1233

(2) Whether it is unlikely that the offense would have been	1234
committed, but for the fact that the offender was under duress,	1235
coercion, or strong provocation;	1236

(3) Whether, at the time of committing the offense, the	1237
offender, because of a mental disease or defect, lacked	1238
substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality of the	1239
offender's conduct or to conform the offender's conduct to the	1240
requirements of the law;	1241

(4) The youth of the offender;

1242

(5) The offender's lack of a significant history of prior	1243
criminal convictions and delinquency adjudications;	1244

(6) If the offender was a participant in the offense but not	1245
the principal offender, the degree of the offender's participation	1246
in the offense and the degree of the offender's participation in	1247
the acts that led to the death of the victim;	1248

(7) Any other factors that are relevant to the issue of	1249
whether the offender should be sentenced to death.	1250

(C) The defendant shall be given great latitude in the	1251
presentation of evidence of the factors listed in division (B) of	1252
this section and of any other factors in mitigation of the	1253
imposition of the sentence of death.	1254

The existence of any of the mitigating factors listed in	1255
division (B) of this section does not preclude the imposition of a	1256
sentence of death on the offender but shall be weighed pursuant to	1257
divisions (D)(2) and (3) of section 2929.03 of the Revised Code by	1258
the trial court, trial jury, or the panel of three judges against	1259
the aggravating circumstances the offender was found guilty of	1260
committing.	1261

Sec. 2933.51.  As used in sections 2933.51 to 2933.66 of the	1262
Revised Code:	1263

(A) "Wire communication" means an aural transfer that is	1264
made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the	1265
transmission of communications by the aid of wires or similar	1266
methods of connecting the point of origin of the communication and	1267
the point of reception of the communication, including the use of	1268
a method of connecting the point of origin and the point of	1269
reception of the communication in a switching station, if the	1270
facilities are furnished or operated by a person engaged in	1271
providing or operating the facilities for the transmission of	1272
communications. "Wire communication" includes an electronic	1273
storage of a wire communication.	1274

(B) "Oral communication" means an oral communication uttered	1275
by a person exhibiting an expectation that the communication is	1276
not subject to interception under circumstances justifying that	1277
expectation. "Oral communication" does not include an electronic	1278
communication.	1279

(C) "Intercept" means the aural or other acquisition of the	1280
contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication through	1281
the use of an interception device.	1282

(D) "Interception device" means an electronic, mechanical,	1283
or other device or apparatus that can be used to intercept a wire,	1284
oral, or electronic communication. "Interception device" does not	1285
mean any of the following:	1286

(1) A telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment, or	1287
facility, or any of its components, if the instrument, equipment,	1288
facility, or component is any of the following:	1289

(a) Furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of	1290
wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of	1291
its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the	1292
ordinary course of its business;	1293

(b) Furnished by a subscriber or user for connection to the	1294
facilities of a provider of wire or electronic communication	1295
service and used in the ordinary course of that subscriber's or	1296
user's business;	1297

(c) Being used by a provider of wire or electronic	1298
communication service in the ordinary course of its business or by	1299
an investigative or law enforcement officer in the ordinary course	1300
of the officer's duties that do not involve the interception of	1301
wire, oral, or electronic communications.	1302

(2) A hearing aid or similar device being used to correct	1303
subnormal hearing to not better than normal.	1304

(E) "Investigative officer" means any of the following:

1305

(1) An officer of this state or a political subdivision of	1306
this state, who is empowered by law to conduct investigations or	1307
to make arrests for a designated offense;	1308

(2) A person described in divisions (A)(11)(a) and (b) of	1309
section 2901.01 of the Revised Code;	1310

(3) An attorney authorized by law to prosecute or	1311
participate in the prosecution of a designated offense;	1312

(4) A secret service officer appointed pursuant to section	1313
309.07 of the Revised Code;	1314

(5) An officer of the United States, a state, or a political	1315
subdivision of a state who is authorized to conduct investigations	1316
pursuant to the "Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986,"	1317
100 Stat. 1848-1857, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2521 (1986), as amended.	1318

(F) "Interception warrant" means a court order that	1319
authorizes the interception of wire, oral, or electronic	1320
communications and that is issued pursuant to sections 2933.53 to	1321
2933.56 of the Revised Code.	1322

(G) "Contents," when used with respect to a wire, oral, or	1323
electronic communication, includes any information concerning the	1324
substance, purport, or meaning of the communication.	1325

(H) "Communications common carrier" means a person who is	1326
engaged as a common carrier for hire in intrastate, interstate, or	1327
foreign communications by wire, radio, or radio transmission of	1328
energy. "Communications common carrier" does not include, to the	1329
extent that the person is engaged in radio broadcasting, a person	1330
engaged in radio broadcasting.	1331

(I) "Designated offense" means any of the following:

1332

(1) A felony violation of section 1315.53, 1315.55, 2903.01,	1333
2903.02, 2903.11, 2905.01, 2905.02, 2905.11, 2905.22, 2907.02,	1334
2907.21, 2907.22, 2909.02, 2909.03, 2909.04, 2909.22, 2909.23,	1335
2909.24, 2911.01, 2911.02, 2911.11, 2911.12, 2913.02, 2913.04,	1336
2913.42, 2913.51, 2915.02, 2915.03, 2917.01, 2917.02, 2921.02,	1337
2921.03, 2921.04, 2921.32, 2921.34, 2923.20, 2923.32, 2925.03,	1338
2925.04, 2925.05, or 2925.06 or of division (B) of section 2915.05	1339
of the Revised Code;	1340

(2) A violation of section 2919.23 of the Revised Code that,	1341
had it occurred prior to July 1, 1996, would have been a violation	1342
of section 2905.04 of the Revised Code as it existed prior to that	1343
date;	1344

(3) A felony violation of section 2925.11 of the Revised	1345
Code that is not a minor drug possession offense, as defined in	1346
section 2925.01 of the Revised Code;	1347

(4) Complicity in the commission of a felony violation of a	1348
section listed in division (I)(1), (2), or (3) of this section;	1349

(5) An attempt to commit, or conspiracy in the commission	1350
of, a felony violation of a section listed in division (I)(1),	1351
(2), or (3) of this section, if the attempt or conspiracy is	1352
punishable by a term of imprisonment of more than one year.	1353

(J) "Aggrieved person" means a person who was a party to an	1354
intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communication or a person	1355
against whom the interception of the communication was directed.	1356

(K) "Person" means a person, as defined in section 1.59 of	1357
the Revised Code, or a governmental officer, employee, or entity.	1358

(L) "Special need" means a showing that a licensed	1359
physician, licensed practicing psychologist, attorney, practicing	1360
cleric, journalist, or either spouse is personally engaging in	1361
continuing criminal activity, was engaged in continuing criminal	1362
activity over a period of time, or is committing, has committed,	1363
or is about to commit, a designated offense, or a showing that	1364
specified public facilities are being regularly used by someone	1365
who is personally engaging in continuing criminal activity, was	1366
engaged in continuing criminal activity over a period of time, or	1367
is committing, has committed, or is about to commit, a designated	1368
offense.	1369

(M) "Journalist" means a person engaged in, connected with,	1370
or employed by, any news media, including a newspaper, magazine,	1371
press association, news agency, or wire service, a radio or	1372
television station, or a similar media, for the purpose of	1373
gathering, processing, transmitting, compiling, editing, or	1374
disseminating news for the general public.	1375

(N) "Electronic communication" means a transfer of a sign,	1376
signal, writing, image, sound, datum, or intelligence of any	1377
nature that is transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio,	1378
electromagnetic, photoelectronic, or photo-optical system.	1379
"Electronic communication" does not mean any of the following:	1380

(1) A wire or oral communication;

1381

(2) A communication made through a tone-only paging device;

1382

(3) A communication from an electronic or mechanical	1383
tracking device that permits the tracking of the movement of a	1384
person or object.	1385

(O) "User" means a person or entity that uses an electronic	1386
communication service and is duly authorized by the provider of	1387
the service to engage in the use of the electronic communication	1388
service.	1389

(P) "Electronic communications system" means a wire, radio,	1390
electromagnetic, photoelectronic, or photo-optical facility for	1391
the transmission of electronic communications, and a computer	1392
facility or related electronic equipment for the electronic	1393
storage of electronic communications.	1394

(Q) "Electronic communication service" means a service that	1395
provides to users of the service the ability to send or receive	1396
wire or electronic communications.	1397

(R) "Readily accessible to the general public" means, with	1398
respect to a radio communication, that the communication is none	1399
of the following:	1400

(1) Scrambled or encrypted;

1401

(2) Transmitted using a modulation technique, the essential	1402
parameters of which have been withheld from the public with the	1403
intention of preserving the privacy of the communication;	1404

(3) Carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a	1405
radio transmission;	1406

(4) Transmitted over a communications system provided by a	1407
communications common carrier, unless the communication is a	1408
tone-only paging system communication;	1409

(5) Transmitted on a frequency allocated under part 25,	1410
subpart D, E, or F of part 74, or part 94 of the Rules of the	1411
Federal Communications Commission, as those provisions existed on	1412
July 1, 1996, unless, in the case of a communication transmitted	1413
on a frequency allocated under part 74 that is not exclusively	1414
allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the communication is a	1415
two-way voice communication by radio.	1416

(S) "Electronic storage" means a temporary, intermediate	1417
storage of a wire or electronic communication that is incidental	1418
to the electronic transmission of the communication, and a storage	1419
of a wire or electronic communication by an electronic	1420
communication service for the purpose of backup protection of the	1421
communication.	1422

(T) "Aural transfer" means a transfer containing the human	1423
voice at a point between and including the point of origin and the	1424
point of reception.	1425

(U) "Pen register" means a device that records or decodes	1426
electronic impulses that identify the numbers dialed, pulsed, or	1427
otherwise transmitted on telephone lines to which the device is	1428
attached.	1429

(V) "Trap and trace device" means a device that captures the	1430
incoming electronic or other impulses that identify the	1431
originating number of an instrument or device from which a wire	1432
communication or electronic communication was transmitted but that	1433
does not intercept the contents of the wire communication or	1434
electronic communication.	1435

(W) "Judge of a court of common pleas" means a judge of that	1436
court who is elected or appointed as a judge of general	1437
jurisdiction or as a judge who exercises both general jurisdiction	1438
and probate, domestic relations, or juvenile jurisdiction. "Judge	1439
of a court of common pleas" does not mean a judge of that court	1440
who is elected or appointed specifically as a probate, domestic	1441
relations, or juvenile judge.	1442

Sec. 2941.14.  (A) In an indictment for aggravated murder,	1443
murder, or voluntary or involuntary manslaughter, the manner in	1444
which, or the means by which the death was caused need not be set	1445
forth.	1446

(B) Imposition of the death penalty for aggravated murder is	1447
precluded unless the indictment or count in the indictment	1448
charging the offense specifies one or more of the aggravating	1449
circumstances listed in division (A) of section 2929.04 of the	1450
Revised Code. If more than one aggravating circumstance is	1451
specified to an indictment or count, each shall be in a separately	1452
numbered specification, and if an aggravating circumstance is	1453
specified to a count in an indictment containing more than one	1454
count, such specification shall be identified as to the count to	1455
which it applies.	1456

(C) A specification to an indictment or count in an	1457
indictment charging aggravated murder shall be stated at the end	1458
of the body of the indictment or count, and may be in	1459
substantially the following form:	1460

"SPECIFICATION (or, SPECIFICATION 1, SPECIFICATION TO THE	1461
FIRST COUNT, or SPECIFICATION 1 TO THE FIRST COUNT). The Grand	1462
Jurors further find and specify that (set forth the applicable	1463
aggravating circumstance listed in divisions (A)(1) to (9)(10) of	1464
section 2929.04 of the Revised Code. The aggravating circumstance	1465
may be stated in the words of the subdivision in which it appears,	1466
or in words sufficient to give the accused notice of the same)."	1467

Section 2. That existing sections 121.22, 2901.01, 2903.01,	1468
2921.32, 2923.31, 2927.24, 2929.04, 2933.51, and 2941.14 of the	1469
Revised Code are hereby repealed.	1470

Section 3. This act is hereby declared to be an emergency	1471
measure necessary for the immediate preservation of the public	1472
peace, health, and safety. The reason for such necessity is that	1473
the recent terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, underscore the	1474
compelling need for legislation that is specifically designed to	1475
combat the evils of terrorism, that comprehensive state laws are	1476
urgently needed to complement federal laws in the fight against	1477
terrorism and to better protect all citizens against terrorist	1478
acts, and that state laws must be strengthened to ensure that	1479
terrorists, as well as those who solicit or provide financial and	1480
other support to terrorists, are prosecuted and punished in state	1481
courts with appropriate severity. Therefore, this act shall go	1482
into immediate effect.	1483