|
|
To amend sections 2901.11, 2901.12, and 2923.01 and | 1 |
to enact section 2913.421 of the Revised Code to | 2 |
prohibit a person from transmitting multiple | 3 |
electronic mail advertisements, falsifying the | 4 |
originating address or other routing information | 5 |
in multiple electronic mail advertisements, or | 6 |
falsifying registration information for multiple | 7 |
electronic mail accounts, and to prohibit | 8 |
unauthorized access to a public computer to | 9 |
transmit multiple electronic mail advertisements. | 10 |
Section 1. That sections 2901.11, 2901.12, and 2923.01 be | 11 |
amended and section 2913.421 of the Revised Code be enacted to | 12 |
read as follows: | 13 |
Sec. 2901.11. (A) A person is subject to criminal | 14 |
prosecution and punishment in this state if any of the following | 15 |
occur: | 16 |
(1) The person commits an offense under the laws of this | 17 |
state, any element of which takes place in this state. | 18 |
(2) While in this state, the person conspires or attempts to | 19 |
commit, or is guilty of complicity in the commission of, an | 20 |
offense in another jurisdiction, which offense is an offense under | 21 |
both the laws of this state and the other jurisdiction. | 22 |
(3) While out of this state, the person conspires or attempts | 23 |
to commit, or is guilty of complicity in the commission of, an | 24 |
offense in this state. | 25 |
(4) While out of this state, the person omits to perform a | 26 |
legal duty imposed by the laws of this state, which omission | 27 |
affects a legitimate interest of the state in protecting, | 28 |
governing, or regulating any person, property, thing, transaction, | 29 |
or activity in this state. | 30 |
(5) While out of this state, the person unlawfully takes or | 31 |
retains property and subsequently brings any of the unlawfully | 32 |
taken or retained property into this state. | 33 |
(6) While out of this state, the person unlawfully takes or | 34 |
entices another and subsequently brings the other person into this | 35 |
state. | 36 |
(7) The person, by means of a computer, computer system, | 37 |
computer network, protected computer, telecommunication, | 38 |
telecommunications device, telecommunications service, or | 39 |
information service, causes or knowingly permits any writing, | 40 |
data, image, or other telecommunication to be disseminated or | 41 |
transmitted into this state in violation of the law of this state. | 42 |
(B) In homicide, the element referred to in division (A)(1) | 43 |
of this section is either the act that causes death, or the | 44 |
physical contact that causes death, or the death itself. If any | 45 |
part of the body of a homicide victim is found in this state, the | 46 |
death is presumed to have occurred within this state. | 47 |
(C)(1) This state includes the land and water within its | 48 |
boundaries and the air space above that land and water, with | 49 |
respect to which this state has either exclusive or concurrent | 50 |
legislative jurisdiction. Where the boundary between this state | 51 |
and another state or foreign country is disputed, the disputed | 52 |
territory is conclusively presumed to be within this state for | 53 |
purposes of this section. | 54 |
(2) The courts of common pleas of Adams, Athens, Belmont, | 55 |
Brown, Clermont, Columbiana, Gallia, Hamilton, Jefferson, | 56 |
Lawrence, Meigs, Monroe, Scioto, and Washington counties have | 57 |
jurisdiction beyond the north or northwest shore of the Ohio river | 58 |
extending to the opposite shore line, between the extended | 59 |
boundary lines of any adjacent counties or adjacent state. Each of | 60 |
those courts of common pleas has concurrent jurisdiction on the | 61 |
Ohio river with any adjacent court of common pleas that borders on | 62 |
that river and with any court of Kentucky or of West Virginia that | 63 |
borders on the Ohio river and that has jurisdiction on the Ohio | 64 |
river under the law of Kentucky or the law of West Virginia, | 65 |
whichever is applicable, or under federal law. | 66 |
(D) When an offense is committed under the laws of this | 67 |
state, and it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the offense | 68 |
or any element of the offense took place either in this state or | 69 |
in another jurisdiction or jurisdictions, but it cannot reasonably | 70 |
be determined in which it took place, the offense or element is | 71 |
conclusively presumed to have taken place in this state for | 72 |
purposes of this section. | 73 |
(E) As used in this section, "computer," "computer system," | 74 |
"computer network," "protected computer," "information service," | 75 |
"telecommunication," "telecommunications device," | 76 |
"telecommunications service," "data," and "writing" have the same | 77 |
meanings as in | 78 |
Revised Code. | 79 |
Sec. 2901.12. (A) The trial of a criminal case in this state | 80 |
shall be held in a court having jurisdiction of the subject | 81 |
matter, and in the territory of which the offense or any element | 82 |
of the offense was committed. | 83 |
(B) When the offense or any element of the offense was | 84 |
committed in an aircraft, motor vehicle, train, watercraft, or | 85 |
other vehicle, in transit, and it cannot reasonably be determined | 86 |
in which jurisdiction the offense was committed, the offender may | 87 |
be tried in any jurisdiction through which the aircraft, motor | 88 |
vehicle, train, watercraft, or other vehicle passed. | 89 |
(C) When the offense involved the unlawful taking or | 90 |
receiving of property or the unlawful taking or enticing of | 91 |
another, the offender may be tried in any jurisdiction from which | 92 |
or into which the property or victim was taken, received, or | 93 |
enticed. | 94 |
(D) When the offense is conspiracy, attempt, or complicity | 95 |
cognizable under division (A)(2) of section 2901.11 of the Revised | 96 |
Code, the offender may be tried in any jurisdiction in which the | 97 |
conspiracy, attempt, complicity, or any of its elements occurred. | 98 |
(E) When the offense is conspiracy or attempt cognizable | 99 |
under division (A)(3) of section 2901.11 of the Revised Code, the | 100 |
offender may be tried in any jurisdiction in which the offense | 101 |
that was the object of the conspiracy or attempt, or any element | 102 |
of that offense, was intended to or could have taken place. When | 103 |
the offense is complicity cognizable under division (A)(3) of | 104 |
section 2901.11 of the Revised Code, the offender may be tried in | 105 |
any jurisdiction in which the principal offender may be tried. | 106 |
(F) When an offense is considered to have been committed in | 107 |
this state while the offender was out of this state, and the | 108 |
jurisdiction in this state in which the offense or any material | 109 |
element of the offense was committed is not reasonably | 110 |
ascertainable, the offender may be tried in any jurisdiction in | 111 |
which the offense or element reasonably could have been committed. | 112 |
(G) When it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that an offense | 113 |
or any element of an offense was committed in any of two or more | 114 |
jurisdictions, but it cannot reasonably be determined in which | 115 |
jurisdiction the offense or element was committed, the offender | 116 |
may be tried in any of those jurisdictions. | 117 |
(H) When an offender, as part of a course of criminal | 118 |
conduct, commits offenses in different jurisdictions, the offender | 119 |
may be tried for all of those offenses in any jurisdiction in | 120 |
which one of those offenses or any element of one of those | 121 |
offenses occurred. Without limitation on the evidence that may be | 122 |
used to establish the course of criminal conduct, any of the | 123 |
following is prima-facie evidence of a course of criminal conduct: | 124 |
(1) The offenses involved the same victim, or victims of the | 125 |
same type or from the same group. | 126 |
(2) The offenses were committed by the offender in the | 127 |
offender's same employment, or capacity, or relationship to | 128 |
another. | 129 |
(3) The offenses were committed as part of the same | 130 |
transaction or chain of events, or in furtherance of the same | 131 |
purpose or objective. | 132 |
(4) The offenses were committed in furtherance of the same | 133 |
conspiracy. | 134 |
(5) The offenses involved the same or a similar modus | 135 |
operandi. | 136 |
(6) The offenses were committed along the offender's line of | 137 |
travel in this state, regardless of the offender's point of origin | 138 |
or destination. | 139 |
(I)(1) When the offense involves a computer, computer system, | 140 |
computer network, protected computer, telecommunication, | 141 |
telecommunications device, telecommunications service, or | 142 |
information service, the offender may be tried in any jurisdiction | 143 |
containing any location of the computer, computer system, | 144 |
protected computer, or computer network of the victim of the | 145 |
offense, in any jurisdiction from which or into which, as part of | 146 |
the offense, any writing, data, or image is disseminated or | 147 |
transmitted by means of a computer, computer system, computer | 148 |
network, protected computer, telecommunication, telecommunications | 149 |
device, telecommunications service, or information service, or in | 150 |
any jurisdiction in which the alleged offender commits any | 151 |
activity that is an essential part of the offense. | 152 |
(2) As used in this section, "computer," "computer system," | 153 |
"protected computer," "computer network," "information service," | 154 |
"telecommunication," "telecommunications device," | 155 |
"telecommunications service," "data," and "writing" have the same | 156 |
meanings as
in | 157 |
Revised Code. | 158 |
(J) When the offense involves the death of a person, and it | 159 |
cannot reasonably be determined in which jurisdiction the offense | 160 |
was committed, the offender may be tried in the jurisdiction in | 161 |
which the dead person's body or any part of the dead person's body | 162 |
was found. | 163 |
(K) Notwithstanding any other requirement for the place of | 164 |
trial, venue may be changed, upon motion of the prosecution, the | 165 |
defense, or the court, to any court having jurisdiction of the | 166 |
subject matter outside the county in which trial otherwise would | 167 |
be held, when it appears that a fair and impartial trial cannot be | 168 |
held in the jurisdiction in which trial otherwise would be held, | 169 |
or when it appears that trial should be held in another | 170 |
jurisdiction for the convenience of the parties and in the | 171 |
interests of justice. | 172 |
Sec. 2913.421. (A) As used in this section: | 173 |
(1) "Advertisement" has the same meaning as in section | 174 |
4931.55 of the Revised Code. | 175 |
(2) "Computer," "computer network," and "computer system" | 176 |
have the same meanings as in section 2913.01 of the Revised Code. | 177 |
(3) "Commercial electronic mail message" means any electronic | 178 |
mail message the primary purpose of which is the commercial | 179 |
advertisement or promotion of a commercial product, including | 180 |
content on an internet web site operated for a commercial purpose, | 181 |
but does not include a transactional or relationship message. The | 182 |
inclusion of a reference to a commercial entity or a link to the | 183 |
web site of a commercial entity does not, by itself, cause that | 184 |
message to be treated as a commercial mail message for the purpose | 185 |
of this section, if the contents or circumstances of the message | 186 |
indicate a primary purpose other than commercial advertisement or | 187 |
of a commercial product or service. | 188 |
(4) "Domain name" means any alphanumeric designation that is | 189 |
registered with or assigned by any domain name registrar, domain | 190 |
name registry, or other domain name registration authority, and | 191 |
that is included in an electronic mail message. | 192 |
(5) "Electronic mail," "electronic mail advertisement," | 193 |
"originating address," and "recipient" have the same meanings as | 194 |
in section 2307.64 of the Revised Code. | 195 |
(6) "Electronic mail message" means each electronic mail | 196 |
addressed to a discrete addressee. | 197 |
(7) "Electronic mail service provider" means any person, | 198 |
including an internet service provider, that is an intermediary in | 199 |
sending and receiving electronic mail and that provides to the | 200 |
public electronic mail accounts or online user accounts from which | 201 |
electronic mail may be sent. | 202 |
(8) "Financial institution" has the same meaning as in | 203 |
section 122.39 of the Revised Code. | 204 |
(9) "Header information" means the source, destination, and | 205 |
routing information attached to an electronic mail message, | 206 |
including the originating domain name, the originating electronic | 207 |
mail address, and technical information that authenticates the | 208 |
sender of an electronic mail message for network security or | 209 |
network management purposes. | 210 |
(10) "Initiate the transmission," when used with respect to a | 211 |
commercial electronic mail message, means to originate or transmit | 212 |
that message or to procure the origination or transmission of that | 213 |
message, regardless of whether the electronic mail message reaches | 214 |
its intended recipients. | 215 |
(11) "Internet" has the same meaning as in section 341.42 of | 216 |
the Revised Code. | 217 |
(12) "Internet protocol address" means the string of numbers | 218 |
by which locations on the internet are identified by routers or | 219 |
other computers connected to the internet. | 220 |
(13) "Materially falsify" means to alter or conceal in a | 221 |
manner that would impair the ability of a recipient of an | 222 |
advertisement, an electronic mail service provider processing an | 223 |
electronic mail message on behalf of a recipient, a person | 224 |
alleging a violation of section 2913.421 of the Revised Code, or a | 225 |
law enforcement agency to identify, locate, or respond to a person | 226 |
that initiated an electronic mail message or to investigate an | 227 |
alleged violation of section 2913.421 of the Revised Code. | 228 |
(14) "Multiple" means more than ten electronic mail messages | 229 |
during a twenty-four-hour period, more than one hundred electronic | 230 |
mail messages during a thirty-day period, or more than one | 231 |
thousand messages during a one-year period. | 232 |
(15) "Protected computer" means any of the following: | 233 |
(a) A computer exclusively for the use of state government or | 234 |
a financial institution; | 235 |
(b) A computer used by or for state government or a financial | 236 |
institution when the conduct constituting the violation of | 237 |
division (B) of this section affects that use by or for the state | 238 |
government or financial institution; | 239 |
(c) A computer that is used in intrastate or interstate | 240 |
communication. | 241 |
(16) "Routine conveyance" means the transmission, routing, | 242 |
relaying, handling, or storing, through an automated technical | 243 |
process, of an electronic mail message for which another person | 244 |
has identified the recipients or provided the recipient addresses. | 245 |
(B) No person, with regard to electronic mail advertisements | 246 |
sent from or to a protected computer in this state, shall do any | 247 |
of the following: | 248 |
(1) Knowingly use a protected computer to relay or retransmit | 249 |
multiple electronic mail advertisements, with the intent to | 250 |
deceive or mislead recipients or any electronic mail service | 251 |
provider, as to the origin of those advertisements; | 252 |
(2) Knowingly and materially falsify header information in | 253 |
multiple electronic mail advertisements and purposely initiate the | 254 |
transmission of those advertisements; | 255 |
(3) Knowingly register, using information that materially | 256 |
falsifies the identity of the actual registrant, for five or more | 257 |
electronic mail accounts or online user accounts or two or more | 258 |
domain names and purposely initiate the transmission of multiple | 259 |
electronic mail advertisements from one, or any combination, of | 260 |
those accounts or domain names; | 261 |
(4) Knowingly falsely represent the right to use five or more | 262 |
internet protocol addresses, and purposely initiate the | 263 |
transmission of multiple electronic mail advertisements from those | 264 |
addresses. | 265 |
(5) Knowingly access a protected computer without | 266 |
authorization and purposely initiate the transmission of multiple | 267 |
electronic mail advertisements from or through the protected | 268 |
computer. | 269 |
(C)(1) Whoever violates division (B)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of | 270 |
this section is guilty of illegally transmitting multiple | 271 |
electronic mail advertisements. Except as otherwise provided in | 272 |
division (C)(2) or (4) of this section, illegally transmitting | 273 |
multiple electronic mail advertisements is a felony of the fifth | 274 |
degree. | 275 |
(2) Illegally transmitting multiple electronic mail | 276 |
advertisements is a felony of the fourth degree if any of the | 277 |
following apply: | 278 |
(a) Regarding a violation of division (B)(3) of this section, | 279 |
the offender, using information that materially falsifies the | 280 |
identity of the actual registrant, knowingly registers for twenty | 281 |
or more electronic mail accounts or online user accounts or ten or | 282 |
more domain names, and purposely initiates, or conspires to | 283 |
initiate, the transmission of multiple electronic mail | 284 |
advertisements from the accounts or domain names. | 285 |
(b) Regarding any violation of division (B)(1), (2), (3), or | 286 |
(4) of this section, the volume of electronic mail advertisements | 287 |
the offender transmitted in committing the violation exceeds two | 288 |
hundred and fifty during any twenty-four-hour period, two thousand | 289 |
five hundred during any thirty-day period, or twenty-five thousand | 290 |
during any one-year period. | 291 |
(c) Regarding any violation of division (B)(1), (2), (3), or | 292 |
(4) of this section, during any one-year period the aggregate loss | 293 |
to the victim or victims of the violation is five hundred dollars | 294 |
or more or during any one-year period the aggregate value of the | 295 |
property or services obtained by any offender as a result of the | 296 |
violation is five hundred dollars or more. | 297 |
(d) Regarding any violation of division (B)(1), (2), (3), or | 298 |
(4) of this section, the offender committed the violation with | 299 |
three or more other persons with respect to whom the offender was | 300 |
the organizer or leader of the activity that resulted in the | 301 |
violation. | 302 |
(e) Regarding any violation of division (B) of this section, | 303 |
the offender knowingly assisted in a violation of this section | 304 |
through the provision or selection of addresses to which the | 305 |
message was transmitted, if that person knew that the electronic | 306 |
mail address of the recipients was obtained using an automated | 307 |
means from an internet web site or proprietary online service | 308 |
operated by another person, and that web site or online service | 309 |
included, at the time the address was obtained, a notice stating | 310 |
that the operator of that web site or online service will not | 311 |
transfer addresses maintained by that web site or online service | 312 |
to any other party for the purposes of initiating, or enabling | 313 |
others to initiate, electronic mail messages. | 314 |
(f) Regarding any violation of division (B) of this section, | 315 |
the offender knowingly assisted in a violation of this section | 316 |
through the provision or selection of electronic mail addresses of | 317 |
the recipients obtained using an automated means that generates | 318 |
possible electronic mail addresses by combining names, letters, or | 319 |
numbers into numerous permutations. | 320 |
(3) Except as otherwise provided in division (C)(4) of this | 321 |
section, whoever violates division (B)(5) of this section is | 322 |
guilty of unauthorized access of a protected computer, a felony of | 323 |
the fourth degree. | 324 |
(4) Illegally transmitting multiple electronic mail | 325 |
advertisements and unauthorized access of a protected computer in | 326 |
violation of this section are felonies of the third degree if the | 327 |
offender previously has been convicted of a violation of this | 328 |
section or a violation of a law of another state or the United | 329 |
States regarding the transmission of multiple electronic mail | 330 |
advertisements or unauthorized access to a computer system, or if | 331 |
the offender committed the violation of this section in the | 332 |
furtherance of a felony. | 333 |
(D)(1) When the attorney general, or any person engaged in | 334 |
the business of an electronic mail service provider that is | 335 |
injured by handling or receiving electronic mail sent in violation | 336 |
of this section or by the use of electronic mail addresses | 337 |
obtained from that electronic mail service provider in a manner | 338 |
described in division (C)(2)(e) and (f) of this section, is | 339 |
seeking relief from any person whose conduct violated this section | 340 |
or the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-187, the attorney | 341 |
general, or any person engaged in the business of an electronic | 342 |
mail service provider that is injured by a violation of this | 343 |
section, may bring a civil action in an appropriate common pleas | 344 |
court in this state or the appropriate district court of the | 345 |
United States that has jurisdiction for a violation of section | 346 |
2913.421 of the Revised Code or a violation of Pub. L. No. | 347 |
108-187, but not in both courts. The civil action brought pursuant | 348 |
to a violation of section 2913.421 of the Revised Code may be | 349 |
commenced at any time within one year of the date after the act | 350 |
that is the basis of the civil action. | 351 |
(2) In a civil action brought by the attorney general | 352 |
pursuant to division (D)(1) of this section for a violation of | 353 |
this section, the court may award temporary, preliminary, or | 354 |
permanent injunctive relief. The court may also impose a civil | 355 |
penalty against the offender in an amount not to exceed | 356 |
twenty-five thousand dollars for each day a violation occurs, or | 357 |
not less than two dollars but not more than eight dollars for each | 358 |
electronic mail advertisement that is initiated in violation of | 359 |
this section, as the court considers just. | 360 |
(3) In any civil action brought by a person engaged in the | 361 |
business of an electronic mail service provider pursuant to | 362 |
division (D)(1) of this section for a violation of this section, | 363 |
the court may award temporary, preliminary, or permanent | 364 |
injunctive relief, and also may award damages in an amount equal | 365 |
to the greater of the following: | 366 |
(a) The sum of the actual damages incurred by the person | 367 |
engaged in the business of an electronic mail service provider as | 368 |
a result of the violation of this section, plus any receipts of | 369 |
the offender that are attributable to the violation of this | 370 |
section and that were not taken into account in computing actual | 371 |
damages; | 372 |
(b) Statutory damages in an amount not exceeding twenty-five | 373 |
thousand dollars for each day a violation occurs, or not less than | 374 |
two dollars but not more than eight dollars for each electronic | 375 |
mail advertisement initiated in violation of this section; | 376 |
(4) In assessing damages awarded under division (D)(3) of | 377 |
this section, the court may consider whether the offender has | 378 |
established and implemented, with due care, commercially | 379 |
reasonable practices and procedures designed to effectively | 380 |
prevent the violations or the violation occurred despite | 381 |
commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the practices and | 382 |
procedures established. | 383 |
(E) Any equipment, software, or other technology of a person | 384 |
who violates this section that is used or intended to be used in | 385 |
the commission of a violation of this section, and any real or | 386 |
personal property that constitutes or is traceable to the gross | 387 |
proceeds obtained from the commission of a violation of this | 388 |
section, is contraband and is subject to seizure and forfeiture | 389 |
pursuant to sections 2933.42 and 2933.43 of the Revised Code. | 390 |
(F) The attorney general may bring a civil action, pursuant | 391 |
to the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-187, on behalf of the | 392 |
residents of the state in a district court of the United States | 393 |
that has jurisdiction for a violation of this section or a | 394 |
violation of Pub. L. No. 108-187. | 395 |
(G) Nothing in this section shall be construed: | 396 |
(1) To require an electronic mail service provider to block, | 397 |
transmit, route, relay, handle, or store certain types of | 398 |
electronic mail messages; | 399 |
(2) To prevent or limit, in any way, an electronic mail | 400 |
service provider from adopting a policy regarding commercial or | 401 |
other electronic mail, including a policy of declining to transmit | 402 |
certain types of electronic mail messages, or from enforcing such | 403 |
policy through technical means, through contract, or pursuant to | 404 |
any remedy available under any other provision of federal, state, | 405 |
or local criminal or civil law. | 406 |
(3) To render lawful any policy that is unlawful under any | 407 |
other provision of law. | 408 |
Sec. 2923.01. (A) No person, with purpose to commit or to | 409 |
promote or facilitate the commission of aggravated murder, murder, | 410 |
kidnapping, compelling prostitution, promoting prostitution, | 411 |
aggravated arson, arson, aggravated robbery, robbery, aggravated | 412 |
burglary, burglary, engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, | 413 |
corrupting another with drugs, a felony drug trafficking, | 414 |
manufacturing, processing, or possession offense, theft of drugs, | 415 |
or illegal processing of drug documents, the commission of a | 416 |
felony offense of unauthorized use of a vehicle, illegally | 417 |
transmitting multiple electronic mail advertisements in violation | 418 |
of section 2923.421 of the Revised Code, or the commission of a | 419 |
violation of any provision of Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code, | 420 |
other than section 3734.18 of the Revised Code, that relates to | 421 |
hazardous wastes, shall do either of the following: | 422 |
(1) With another person or persons, plan or aid in planning | 423 |
the commission of any of the specified offenses; | 424 |
(2) Agree with another person or persons that one or more of | 425 |
them will engage in conduct that facilitates the commission of any | 426 |
of the specified offenses. | 427 |
(B) No person shall be convicted of conspiracy unless a | 428 |
substantial overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy is alleged | 429 |
and proved to have been done by the accused or a person with whom | 430 |
the accused conspired, subsequent to the accused's entrance into | 431 |
the conspiracy. For purposes of this section, an overt act is | 432 |
substantial when it is of a character that manifests a purpose on | 433 |
the part of the actor that the object of the conspiracy should be | 434 |
completed. | 435 |
(C) When the offender knows or has reasonable cause to | 436 |
believe that a person with whom the offender conspires also has | 437 |
conspired or is conspiring with another to commit the same | 438 |
offense, the offender is guilty of conspiring with that other | 439 |
person, even though the other person's identity may be unknown to | 440 |
the offender. | 441 |
(D) It is no defense to a charge under this section that, in | 442 |
retrospect, commission of the offense that was the object of the | 443 |
conspiracy was impossible under the circumstances. | 444 |
(E) A conspiracy terminates when the offense or offenses that | 445 |
are its objects are committed or when it is abandoned by all | 446 |
conspirators. In the absence of abandonment, it is no defense to a | 447 |
charge under this section that no offense that was the object of | 448 |
the conspiracy was committed. | 449 |
(F) A person who conspires to commit more than one offense is | 450 |
guilty of only one conspiracy, when the offenses are the object of | 451 |
the same agreement or continuous conspiratorial relationship. | 452 |
(G) When a person is convicted of committing or attempting to | 453 |
commit a specific offense or of complicity in the commission of or | 454 |
attempt to commit the specific offense, the person shall not be | 455 |
convicted of conspiracy involving the same offense. | 456 |
(H)(1) No person shall be convicted of conspiracy upon the | 457 |
testimony of a person with whom the defendant conspired, | 458 |
unsupported by other evidence. | 459 |
(2) If a person with whom the defendant allegedly has | 460 |
conspired testifies against the defendant in a case in which the | 461 |
defendant is charged with conspiracy and if the testimony is | 462 |
supported by other evidence, the court, when it charges the jury, | 463 |
shall state substantially the following: | 464 |
"The testimony of an accomplice that is supported by other | 465 |
evidence does not become inadmissible because of the accomplice's | 466 |
complicity, moral turpitude, or self-interest, but the admitted or | 467 |
claimed complicity of a witness may affect the witness' | 468 |
credibility and make the witness' testimony subject to grave | 469 |
suspicion, and require that it be weighed with great caution. | 470 |
It is for you, as jurors, in the light of all the facts | 471 |
presented to you from the witness stand, to evaluate such | 472 |
testimony and to determine its quality and worth or its lack of | 473 |
quality and worth." | 474 |
(3) "Conspiracy," as used in division (H)(1) of this section, | 475 |
does not include any conspiracy that results in an attempt to | 476 |
commit an offense or in the commission of an offense. | 477 |
(I) The following are affirmative defenses to a charge of | 478 |
conspiracy: | 479 |
(1) After conspiring to commit an offense, the actor thwarted | 480 |
the success of the conspiracy under circumstances manifesting a | 481 |
complete and voluntary renunciation of the actor's criminal | 482 |
purpose. | 483 |
(2) After conspiring to commit an offense, the actor | 484 |
abandoned the conspiracy prior to the commission of or attempt to | 485 |
commit any offense that was the object of the conspiracy, either | 486 |
by advising all other conspirators of the actor's abandonment, or | 487 |
by informing any law enforcement authority of the existence of the | 488 |
conspiracy and of the actor's participation in the conspiracy. | 489 |
(J) Whoever violates this section is guilty of conspiracy, | 490 |
which is one of the following: | 491 |
(1) A felony of the first degree, when one of the objects of | 492 |
the conspiracy is aggravated murder, murder, or an offense for | 493 |
which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for life; | 494 |
(2) A felony of the next lesser degree than the most serious | 495 |
offense that is the object of the conspiracy, when the most | 496 |
serious offense that is the object of the conspiracy is a felony | 497 |
of the first, second, third, or fourth degree; | 498 |
(3) A felony punishable by a fine of not more than | 499 |
twenty-five thousand dollars or imprisonment for not more than | 500 |
eighteen months, or both, when the offense that is the object of | 501 |
the conspiracy is a violation of any provision of Chapter 3734. of | 502 |
the Revised Code, other than section 3734.18 of the Revised Code, | 503 |
that relates to hazardous wastes; | 504 |
(4) A misdemeanor of the first degree, when the most serious | 505 |
offense that is the object of the conspiracy is a felony of the | 506 |
fifth degree. | 507 |
(K) This section does not define a separate conspiracy | 508 |
offense or penalty where conspiracy is defined as an offense by | 509 |
one or more sections of the Revised Code, other than this section. | 510 |
In such a case, however: | 511 |
(1) With respect to the offense specified as the object of | 512 |
the conspiracy in the other section or sections, division (A) of | 513 |
this section defines the voluntary act or acts and culpable mental | 514 |
state necessary to constitute the conspiracy; | 515 |
(2) Divisions (B) to (I) of this section are incorporated by | 516 |
reference in the conspiracy offense defined by the other section | 517 |
or sections of the Revised Code. | 518 |
(L)(1) In addition to the penalties that otherwise are | 519 |
imposed for conspiracy, a person who is found guilty of conspiracy | 520 |
to engage in a pattern of corrupt activity is subject to divisions | 521 |
(B)(2), (3), (4), and (5) of section 2923.32 of the Revised Code. | 522 |
(2) If a person is convicted of or pleads guilty to | 523 |
conspiracy and if the most serious offense that is the object of | 524 |
the conspiracy is a felony drug trafficking, manufacturing, | 525 |
processing, or possession offense, in addition to the penalties or | 526 |
sanctions that may be imposed for the conspiracy under division | 527 |
(J)(2) or (4) of this section and Chapter 2929. of the Revised | 528 |
Code, both of the following apply: | 529 |
(a) The provisions of divisions (D), (F), and (G) of section | 530 |
2925.03, division (D) of section 2925.04, division (D) of section | 531 |
2925.05, division (D) of section 2925.06, and division (E) of | 532 |
section 2925.11 of the Revised Code that pertain to mandatory and | 533 |
additional fines, driver's or commercial driver's license or | 534 |
permit suspensions, and professionally licensed persons and that | 535 |
would apply under the appropriate provisions of those divisions to | 536 |
a person who is convicted of or pleads guilty to the felony drug | 537 |
trafficking, manufacturing, processing, or possession offense that | 538 |
is the most serious offense that is the basis of the conspiracy | 539 |
shall apply to the person who is convicted of or pleads guilty to | 540 |
the conspiracy as if the person had been convicted of or pleaded | 541 |
guilty to the felony drug trafficking, manufacturing, processing, | 542 |
or possession offense that is the most serious offense that is the | 543 |
basis of the conspiracy. | 544 |
(b) The court that imposes sentence upon the person who is | 545 |
convicted of or pleads guilty to the conspiracy shall comply with | 546 |
the provisions identified as being applicable under division | 547 |
(L)(2) of this section, in addition to any other penalty or | 548 |
sanction that it imposes for the conspiracy under division (J)(2) | 549 |
or (4) of this section and Chapter 2929. of the Revised Code. | 550 |
(M) As used in this section: | 551 |
(1) "Felony drug trafficking, manufacturing, processing, or | 552 |
possession offense" means any of the following that is a felony: | 553 |
(a) A violation of section 2925.03, 2925.04, 2925.05, or | 554 |
2925.06 of the Revised Code; | 555 |
(b) A violation of section 2925.11 of the Revised Code that | 556 |
is not a minor drug possession offense. | 557 |
(2) "Minor drug possession offense" has the same meaning as | 558 |
in section 2925.01 of the Revised Code. | 559 |
Section 2. That existing sections 2901.11, 2901.12, and | 560 |
2923.01 of the Revised Code are hereby repealed. | 561 |