(4) No holder of a probationary driver's license who is less | 56 |
than seventeen years of age shall operate a motor vehicle upon a | 57 |
highway or any public or private property used by the public for | 58 |
purposes of vehicular travel or parking with more than one person | 59 |
who is not a family member occupying the vehicle unless the | 60 |
probationary license holder is accompanied by the probationary | 61 |
license holder's parent, guardian, or custodian. | 62 |
(C) It is an
affirmative defense to a violation of division | 63 |
(B)(1)(a) or (b) of this section if, at the time of the
violation, | 64 |
the holder
of the probationary driver's license was traveling to | 65 |
or
from an official function sponsored by
the
school the holder | 66 |
attends, or an emergency existed that
required the holder to | 67 |
operate a motor vehicle in violation of
division (B)(1)(a) or (b) | 68 |
of this
section, or the holder was an emancipated
minor. | 69 |
(D)(1)(a) IfExcept as otherwise provided in division (D)(2) | 70 |
of this section, if a person is issued a probationary driver's | 71 |
license prior to attaining the age of seventeen years and the | 72 |
person pleads guilty to, is convicted of, or is adjudicated in | 73 |
juvenile court of having committed a moving violation during the | 74 |
six-month period commencing on the date on which the person is | 75 |
issued the probationary driver's license, the holder must be | 76 |
accompanied by the holder's parent or guardian whenever the holder | 77 |
is operating a motor vehicle upon a highway or any public or | 78 |
private property used by the public for purposes of vehicular | 79 |
travel or parking during whichever of the following time periods | 80 |
applies: | 81 |
(b) If the holder of a probationary driver's license commits | 92 |
a moving violation during the six-month period after the person is | 93 |
issued the probationary driver's license and before the person | 94 |
attains the age of seventeen years and on the date the person | 95 |
pleads guilty to, is convicted of, or is adjudicated in juvenile | 96 |
court of having committed the moving violation the person has | 97 |
attained the age of seventeen years, or if the person commits the | 98 |
moving violation during the six-month period after the person is | 99 |
issued the probationary driver's license and after the person | 100 |
attains the age of seventeen years, the holder is not subject to | 101 |
the restriction described in divisions (D)(1)(a)(i) and (ii) of | 102 |
this section unless the court or juvenile court imposes such a | 103 |
restriction upon the holder. | 104 |
(2) Any person who is subject to the operating restrictions | 105 |
established under division (D)(1) of this section as a result of a | 106 |
first moving violation may petition the court for occupational or | 107 |
educational driving privileges without being accompanied by the | 108 |
holder's parent or guardian during the period of time specified in | 109 |
that division. The court may grant the person such driving | 110 |
privileges if the court finds reasonable cause to believe that the | 111 |
restrictions established in division (D)(1) will seriously affect | 112 |
the person's ability to continue in employment or educational | 113 |
training or will cause undue hardship on the license holder or a | 114 |
family member of the license holder. In granting the driving | 115 |
privileges, the court shall
specify the purposes, times, and | 116 |
places of the privileges and
shall issue the person appropriate | 117 |
forms setting forth the
privileges granted. Occupational or | 118 |
educational driving privileges
under this division shall not be | 119 |
granted to the same person more
than once. If a person is | 120 |
convicted of, pleads guilty to, or is
adjudicated in juvenile | 121 |
court of having committed a second or
subsequent moving | 122 |
violation, any driving privileges previously
granted under this | 123 |
division are terminated upon the subsequent
conviction, plea, or | 124 |
adjudication. | 125 |
(E) No holder of a probationary license shall
operate a
motor | 128 |
vehicle upon a highway or any public or private
property
used by | 129 |
the public for purposes of vehicular travel or
parking
unless
the | 130 |
total number of occupants of the
vehicle does not
exceed the total | 131 |
number of occupant restraining devices
originally
installed in the | 132 |
motor vehicle by its manufacturer, and each
occupant
of the | 133 |
vehicle is wearing all of
the available elements
of a properly | 134 |
adjusted occupant
restraining device. | 135 |
(G) Notwithstanding
any other provision of law to the | 139 |
contrary, no law enforcement
officer shall cause the operator of a | 140 |
motor vehicle being
operated on any street or highway to stop the | 141 |
motor vehicle for
the sole purpose of determining whether each | 142 |
occupant of the
motor vehicle is wearing all of the available | 143 |
elements of a
properly adjusted occupant restraining device as | 144 |
required by
division (E) of this section,
or for the sole purpose | 145 |
of issuing a ticket, citation, or
summons if the requirement in | 146 |
that division has been or is being
violated, or for causing the | 147 |
arrest of or commencing a
prosecution of a person for a violation | 148 |
of that
requirement. | 149 |
(H) Notwithstanding any other
provision of law to the | 150 |
contrary, no law enforcement officer shall cause the
operator of a | 151 |
motor vehicle being operated on any street or highway to stop
the | 152 |
motor vehicle for the sole purpose of determining whether a | 153 |
violation of
division (B)(1)(a) or (b) of this section has been or | 154 |
is
being
committed or for the sole purpose of issuing a ticket, | 155 |
citation,
or
summons for such a violation or for causing the | 156 |
arrest of or
commencing a
prosecution of a person for such | 157 |
violation. | 158 |
(3) "Moving violation" means any violation of any statute or | 175 |
ordinance that regulates the operation of vehicles, streetcars, or | 176 |
trackless trolleys on the highways or streets. "Moving violation" | 177 |
does not include a violation of section 4513.263 of the Revised | 178 |
Code or a substantially equivalent municipal ordinance, or a | 179 |
violation of any statute or ordinance regulating pedestrians or | 180 |
the parking of vehicles, vehicle size or load limitations, vehicle | 181 |
fitness requirements, or vehicle registration. | 182 |
Sec. 4511.093. (A)(1) No law enforcement officer who stops | 185 |
the operator of a motor vehicle in the course of an authorized | 186 |
sobriety or other motor vehicle checkpoint operation or a motor | 187 |
vehicle safety inspection shall issue a ticket, citation, or | 188 |
summons for a secondary traffic offense unless in the course of | 189 |
the checkpoint operation or safety inspection the officer first | 190 |
determines that an offense other than a secondary traffic offense | 191 |
has occurred and either places the operator or a vehicle occupant | 192 |
under arrest or issues a ticket, citation, or summons to the | 193 |
operator or a vehicle occupant for an offense other than a | 194 |
secondary offense. | 195 |
Sec. 4511.81. (A) When any child who is in either or both
of | 207 |
the following
categories is being transported in a motor
vehicle, | 208 |
other than a taxicab or
public safety vehicle as defined
in | 209 |
section 4511.01 of the Revised Code, that
is required by the | 210 |
United States
department of
transportation to be equipped with | 211 |
seat belts at
the time of
manufacture or assembly, the operator of | 212 |
the motor
vehicle shall
have the child properly secured in | 213 |
accordance with
the
manufacturer's instructions in a child | 214 |
restraint system that
meets
federal motor vehicle safety | 215 |
standards: | 216 |
(B) When any child who is in either or both of the following | 219 |
categories is
being transported in a motor
vehicle, other than a | 220 |
taxicab, that is owned, leased, or
otherwise under the control of | 221 |
a nursery
school or
day-care center, the operator
of the
motor | 222 |
vehicle shall have the
child properly secured in
accordance
with | 223 |
the manufacturer's
instructions in a child
restraint system
that | 224 |
meets federal motor
vehicle safety
standards: | 225 |
(C) When any child who is less than eight years of age and | 228 |
less than four feet nine inches in height, who is not required by | 229 |
division (A) or (B) of this section to be secured in a child | 230 |
restraint system, is being transported in a motor vehicle, other | 231 |
than a taxicab or public safety vehicle as defined in section | 232 |
4511.01 of the Revised Code or a vehicle that is regulated under | 233 |
section 5104.011 of the Revised Code, that is required by the | 234 |
United States
department of transportation to
be equipped with | 235 |
seat belts at
the time of manufacture or
assembly, the operator | 236 |
of the motor
vehicle shall have the child
properly secured in | 237 |
accordance with
the manufacturer's
instructions on a booster | 238 |
seat that meets
federal motor vehicle
safety standards. | 239 |
(D) When any child who is at least foureight years of age | 240 |
but not
older than fifteen years of age, and who is not | 241 |
otherwise
required
by division (A), (B), or (C) of this section | 242 |
to be
secured in a
child restraint system or booster seat, is | 243 |
being transported in a motor
vehicle, other than a taxicab or | 244 |
public safety vehicle as defined
in section 4511.01 of the | 245 |
Revised Code, that is required by the
United States department of | 246 |
transportation to be equipped with
seat belts at the time of | 247 |
manufacture or assembly, the operator of
the motor vehicle shall | 248 |
have the child properly restrained either
in accordance with the | 249 |
manufacturer's instructions in a child
restraint system that | 250 |
meets federal motor vehicle safety standards
or in an occupant | 251 |
restraining device as defined in section
4513.263 of the Revised | 252 |
Code. | 253 |
(D)(E) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, | 254 |
no
law enforcement officer shall cause an operator of a motor | 255 |
vehicle
being operated on any street or highway to stop the motor | 256 |
vehicle
for the sole purpose of determining whether a violation | 257 |
of
division (C) or (D) of this section has been or is being | 258 |
committed or for
the sole purpose of issuing a ticket, citation, | 259 |
or summons for a
violation of that naturedivision (C) or (D) of | 260 |
this section or causing the arrest
of or commencing a | 261 |
prosecution of a person for a violation of
that naturedivision | 262 |
(C) or (D) of this section, and noabsent
another violation of | 263 |
law, a law
enforcement officer shallofficer's view of the | 264 |
interior or visually inspect
any automobilevisual inspection of | 265 |
a motor vehicle being operated on any street
or highway may not | 266 |
be used for the
sole purpose of determining
whether a violation | 267 |
of that naturedivision (C) or (D) of this
section has
been or | 268 |
is being committed. | 269 |
(F)(G) The failure of an operator of a motor vehicle to | 272 |
secure
a
child in a child restraint system, a booster seat, or in | 273 |
an occupant restraining
device as required by this section is
not | 274 |
negligence imputable to
the child, is not admissible as
evidence | 275 |
in any civil action
involving the rights of the child
against any | 276 |
other person
allegedly liable for injuries to the
child, is not to | 277 |
be used as
a
basis for a criminal prosecution of
the operator of | 278 |
the motor
vehicle other than a prosecution for a
violation of this | 279 |
section,
and is not admissible as evidence in
any criminal action | 280 |
involving
the operator of the motor vehicle
other than a | 281 |
prosecution for a
violation of this section. | 282 |
(G)(H) This section does not apply when an emergency exists | 283 |
that
threatens the life of any person operating or occupying a | 284 |
motor vehicle
and
to
whom this section otherwise would apply or | 285 |
the life of anythat is being used to transport a
child
who | 286 |
otherwise would be required to be restrained under this
section. | 287 |
This section does
not apply to a person operating a
motor | 288 |
vehicle who has an
affidavit signed by a physician licensed
to | 289 |
practice in this state
under Chapter 4731. of the Revised Code | 290 |
or a chiropractor licensed
to practice in this state under | 291 |
Chapter 4734. of the Revised Code
that states that the child who | 292 |
otherwise would be required to be
restrained under this section | 293 |
has a physical impairment that makes
use of a child restraint | 294 |
system, booster seat, or an occupant
restraining device | 295 |
impossible or impractical, provided that the
person operating the | 296 |
vehicle has safely and appropriately
restrained the child in | 297 |
accordance with any recommendations of the
physician or | 298 |
chiropractor as noted on the affidavit. | 299 |
(H)(I) There is hereby created in the state treasury the | 300 |
"child
highway safety
fund," consisting of fines imposed
pursuant | 301 |
to
division (J)(K)(1) of
this section
for violations
of
divisions | 302 |
(A),
(B), and (C), and (D) of this section. The
money in the fund | 303 |
shall
be used
by the department of health only
to defray the cost | 304 |
of
designating
hospitals as pediatric
trauma
centers
under | 305 |
section
3727.081 of
the Revised Code
and to
establish and | 306 |
administer a child highway
safety program.
The
purpose of the | 307 |
program
shall be to educate the
public about
child
restraint | 308 |
systems generallyand booster seats and the
importance
of their | 309 |
proper
use. The
program also shall include a process for
providing | 310 |
child
restraint
systems and booster seats to persons who meet the | 311 |
eligibility criteria
established
by the department, and a | 312 |
toll-free telephone number
the public may
utilize to obtain | 313 |
information about child restraint
systems and booster seats, and | 314 |
their proper
use. | 315 |
(I)(J) The director of health, in accordance with Chapter | 316 |
119.
of
the Revised Code,
shall adopt any rules necessary to | 317 |
carry out
this section, including rules
establishing the criteria | 318 |
a person
must meet in order to receive a child
restraint system or | 319 |
booster seat under the
department's child restraint systemhighway | 320 |
safety program;
provided that rules
relating to the verification | 321 |
of pediatric trauma
centers shall not
be adopted under this | 322 |
section. | 323 |
(L)(1) Whoever violates
division
(A), (B), or (C), or (D)
of | 330 |
this
section shall be punished as follows, provided that the | 331 |
failure of an operator of a motor vehicle to secure more than one | 332 |
child in a child restraint system, booster seat, or occupant | 333 |
restraining device as required by this section that occurred at | 334 |
the same time, on the same day, and at the same location is deemed | 335 |
to be a single violation of this section: | 336 |
(1) "Automobile" means any commercial tractor, passenger
car, | 352 |
commercial car, or truck that is required to be
factory-equipped | 353 |
with an occupant restraining device for the
operator or any | 354 |
passenger by regulations adopted by the United
States secretary of | 355 |
transportation pursuant to the "National
Traffic and Motor Vehicle | 356 |
Safety Act of 1966," 80 Stat. 719, 15
U.S.C.A. 1392. | 357 |
(6) "Tort action" means a civil action for damages for | 372 |
injury, death, or loss to person or property. "Tort action" | 373 |
includes a product liability claim, as defined in section 2307.71 | 374 |
of the Revised Code, and an asbestos claim, as defined in section | 375 |
2307.91 of the Revised Code, but does not include a civil action | 376 |
for damages for breach of contract or another agreement between | 377 |
persons. | 378 |
(C) Division (B)(3) of this section does not apply to a | 398 |
person who is required by section 4511.81 of the Revised Code to | 399 |
be secured in a child restraint device or booster seat. Division | 400 |
(B)(1) of this
section does not apply to a person who is an | 401 |
employee of the
United States postal service or of a newspaper | 402 |
home delivery
service, during any period in which the person is | 403 |
engaged in the
operation of an automobile to deliver mail or | 404 |
newspapers to
addressees. Divisions (B)(1) and (3) of this section | 405 |
do not
apply
to a person who has an affidavit signed by a | 406 |
physician
licensed to
practice in this state under Chapter 4731. | 407 |
of the
Revised Code or
a chiropractor licensed to practice in this | 408 |
state
under Chapter
4734. of the Revised Code that states that the | 409 |
person has a
physical impairment that makes use of an occupant | 410 |
restraining
device impossible or impractical. | 411 |
(D) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary,
no | 412 |
law enforcement officer shall cause an operator of an
automobile | 413 |
being operated on any street or highway to stop the
automobile for | 414 |
the sole purpose of determining whether a
violation of division | 415 |
(B) of this section has been or is being
committed or for the sole | 416 |
purpose of issuing a ticket, citation,
or summons for a violation | 417 |
of that nature or
causing the arrest of or
commencing a | 418 |
prosecution of a person for a violation of
that nature, and no
law | 419 |
enforcement officer shall view the interior or visually
inspect | 420 |
any automobile being operated on any street or highway
for the | 421 |
sole purpose of determining whether a violation of that
nature has | 422 |
been or is being committed. | 423 |
(F)(1) Subject to division (F)(2) of this section, the | 452 |
failure of a person to wear all of the available elements of a | 453 |
properly adjusted occupant restraining device in violation of | 454 |
division (B)(1) or (3) of this section
or the failure of a person
| 455 |
to ensure that
each minor who is a
passenger of an automobile | 456 |
being
operated by
that person is
wearing all of the available | 457 |
elements of
a properly adjusted occupant restraining
device
in | 458 |
violation of division (B)(2) of this
section shall
not
be | 459 |
considered
or used by the trier of fact in a tort action as | 460 |
evidence of negligence or contributory negligence. But, the trier | 461 |
of fact may determine based on evidence admitted consistent with | 462 |
the Ohio Rules of Evidence that the failure
contributed to the | 463 |
harm alleged in the tort action and may
diminish a
recovery
of | 464 |
compensatory damages that represents
noneconomic loss, as defined | 465 |
in section 2307.011 of the Revised
Code, in
a tort action
that | 466 |
could have been recovered but for the
plaintiff's failure to wear | 467 |
all of the available elements of a
properly adjusted occupant | 468 |
restraining device. Evidence of that
failure shall not be used as | 469 |
a
basis for a
criminal prosecution of
the person other than a | 470 |
prosecution for a
violation of this
section; and shall not be | 471 |
admissible as evidence
in
a criminal
action involving
the person | 472 |
other than a
prosecution for a
violation of this
section. | 473 |
(2) If, at the time of an accident involving a passenger
car | 474 |
equipped with occupant restraining devices, any occupant of
the | 475 |
passenger car who sustained injury or death was not wearing
an | 476 |
available occupant restraining device, was not wearing all of
the | 477 |
available elements of such a device, or was not wearing such
a | 478 |
device as properly adjusted, then, consistent with the Rules of | 479 |
Evidence, the fact that the occupant was not wearing the
available | 480 |
occupant restraining device, was not wearing all of the
available | 481 |
elements of such a device, or was not wearing such a
device as | 482 |
properly adjusted is admissible in evidence in relation
to any | 483 |
claim for relief in a tort action to the extent that the
claim for | 484 |
relief satisfies all of the following: | 485 |
Section 3. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the | 506 |
contrary, during the first six months after the effective date of | 507 |
this
section, no person who violates division (C) of section | 508 |
4511.81 of
the Revised Code concerning the use of booster seats, | 509 |
as that
division is amended by this act, shall be issued a | 510 |
ticket,
citation, or summons in relation to the violation or be | 511 |
arrested
for the violation. Instead, the person shall be issued a | 512 |
written
warning that states the requirements contained in | 513 |
division (C) of
section 4511.81 of the Revised Code, as amended | 514 |
by this act. In
addition, the warning shall explain that on or | 515 |
after a date
certain, which date shall be six months after the | 516 |
effective date
of this section, the law will allow a person to be | 517 |
charged with
and prosecuted for such a violation. | 518 |