(1) "Public record" means
records kept by
any
public
office, | 15 |
including, but not limited to, state, county,
city,
village, | 16 |
township, and school district units,
and records
pertaining to the | 17 |
delivery of educational
services by an
alternative
school in this | 18 |
state kept by the nonprofit or
for-profit
entity operating the | 19 |
alternative school pursuant to
section
3313.533 of the Revised | 20 |
Code. "Public record" does not
mean any of
the following: | 21 |
(s) Records provided to, statements made by review board | 71 |
members
during meetings of, and all work products of a child | 72 |
fatality review
board acting under sections 307.621 to 307.629 of | 73 |
the Revised Code, and child fatality review data submitted by the | 74 |
child fatality review board to the department of health or a | 75 |
national child death review database, other than
the report | 76 |
prepared pursuant to division (A) of
section 307.626
of the | 77 |
Revised Code; | 78 |
(5) "Intellectual property record" means a record,
other
than | 136 |
a financial or administrative record, that is produced or | 137 |
collected
by or for faculty or staff of a state institution of | 138 |
higher learning in the
conduct of or as a result of study or | 139 |
research on an educational, commercial,
scientific, artistic, | 140 |
technical, or scholarly issue, regardless of whether the
study or | 141 |
research was sponsored by the institution alone or in conjunction | 142 |
with
a governmental body or private concern, and that has not been | 143 |
publicly
released, published, or patented. | 144 |
(7) "Peace officer, parole officer, prosecuting attorney, | 149 |
assistant prosecuting attorney, correctional employee, youth | 150 |
services employee, firefighter, EMT, or investigator of the | 151 |
bureau of criminal identification and investigation residential | 152 |
and
familial
information"
means any information that discloses any | 153 |
of the
following about a
peace officer, parole officer, | 154 |
prosecuting
attorney, assistant prosecuting attorney, | 155 |
correctional employee,
youth services employee, firefighter, | 156 |
EMT, or investigator of the bureau of criminal identification and | 157 |
investigation: | 158 |
(a) The address of the actual personal residence of a peace | 159 |
officer, parole officer, assistant prosecuting attorney, | 160 |
correctional employee, youth services employee, firefighter,
EMT, | 161 |
or an investigator of the bureau of criminal identification
and | 162 |
investigation, except for the state or political
subdivision
in | 163 |
which
the
peace
officer, parole officer, assistant prosecuting | 164 |
attorney,
correctional employee, youth services employee, | 165 |
firefighter,
EMT, or investigator of the bureau of criminal | 166 |
identification and investigation
resides; | 167 |
(c) The social security number, the residential telephone | 170 |
number,
any bank account, debit card, charge card, or credit card | 171 |
number, or the
emergency telephone number of, or any medical | 172 |
information pertaining to, a peace officer, parole officer, | 173 |
prosecuting attorney, assistant prosecuting attorney, correctional | 174 |
employee, youth services employee, firefighter, EMT, or | 175 |
investigator of the bureau of criminal identification and | 176 |
investigation; | 177 |
(d) The name of any beneficiary of employment benefits, | 178 |
including,
but not limited to, life insurance benefits, provided | 179 |
to a peace officer, parole officer, prosecuting attorney, | 180 |
assistant prosecuting attorney, correctional employee, youth | 181 |
services employee, firefighter, EMT, or investigator of the | 182 |
bureau of criminal identification and investigation by
the peace | 183 |
officer's,
parole officer's, prosecuting attorney's, assistant | 184 |
prosecuting
attorney's, correctional employee's, youth services | 185 |
employee's,
firefighter's, EMT's, or investigator of the bureau | 186 |
of criminal identification and investigation's employer; | 187 |
(e) The identity and amount of any charitable or employment | 188 |
benefit deduction made by the peace officer's, parole officer's, | 189 |
prosecuting attorney's, assistant prosecuting attorney's, | 190 |
correctional employee's, youth services employee's, firefighter's,
| 191 |
EMT's, or investigator of the bureau of criminal identification | 192 |
and investigation's
employer from the
peace
officer's, parole | 193 |
officer's,
prosecuting attorney's, assistant prosecuting | 194 |
attorney's,
correctional employee's, youth services employee's, | 195 |
firefighter's,
EMT's, or investigator of the bureau of
criminal | 196 |
identification and investigation's
compensation
unless
the amount | 197 |
of the deduction is
required by
state
or federal
law; | 198 |
(f) The name, the residential address, the name of the | 199 |
employer,
the address of the employer, the social security number, | 200 |
the residential
telephone number, any bank account, debit card, | 201 |
charge card, or credit card
number, or the emergency telephone | 202 |
number
of the spouse, a former spouse, or any child of a peace | 203 |
officer, parole officer, prosecuting attorney, assistant | 204 |
prosecuting attorney, correctional employee, youth services | 205 |
employee, firefighter, EMT, or investigator of the bureau of | 206 |
criminal identification and investigation; | 207 |
As used in divisions (A)(7) and (B)(9) of this section, | 212 |
"peace officer"
has the same meaning as in section 109.71 of the | 213 |
Revised Code
and also includes the superintendent and troopers of | 214 |
the state highway patrol;
it does not include the
sheriff of a | 215 |
county or a supervisory employee who, in the absence of the | 216 |
sheriff, is authorized to stand in for, exercise the authority of, | 217 |
and perform
the duties of the sheriff. | 218 |
(B)(1) Upon request and subject to division (B)(8) of this | 271 |
section, all
public records responsive to the request shall
be | 272 |
promptly prepared and made
available for
inspection to any person | 273 |
at all reasonable times
during regular
business hours. Subject to | 274 |
division (B)(8) of this section,
upon
request, a public office or | 275 |
person
responsible for public records
shall make copies of the | 276 |
requested public record available at
cost and within a reasonable | 277 |
period of
time. If a public record contains information that is | 278 |
exempt from the duty to permit public inspection or to copy the | 279 |
public record, the public office or the person responsible for the | 280 |
public record shall make available all of the information within | 281 |
the public record that is not exempt. When making that public | 282 |
record available for public inspection or copying that public | 283 |
record, the public office or the person responsible for the public | 284 |
record shall notify the requester of any redaction or make the | 285 |
redaction plainly visible. A redaction shall be deemed a denial of | 286 |
a request to inspect or copy the redacted information, except if | 287 |
federal or state law authorizes or requires a public office to | 288 |
make the redaction. | 289 |
(2) To facilitate broader access to public records, a public | 290 |
office or the person responsible for public records shall organize | 291 |
and maintain public records in a manner that they can be made | 292 |
available for inspection or copying in accordance with division | 293 |
(B) of this section. A public office also shall have available a | 294 |
copy of its current records retention schedule at a location | 295 |
readily available to the public. If a requester makes an ambiguous | 296 |
or overly broad request or has difficulty in making a request for | 297 |
copies or inspection of public records under this section such | 298 |
that the public office or the person responsible for the requested | 299 |
public record cannot reasonably identify what public records are | 300 |
being requested, the public office or the person responsible for | 301 |
the requested public record may deny the request but shall provide | 302 |
the requester with an opportunity to revise the request by | 303 |
informing the requester of the manner in which records are | 304 |
maintained by the public office and accessed in the ordinary | 305 |
course of the public office's or person's duties. | 306 |
(3) If a request is ultimately denied, in part or in whole, | 307 |
the public office or the person responsible for the requested | 308 |
public record shall provide the requester with an explanation, | 309 |
including legal authority, setting forth why the request was | 310 |
denied. If the initial request was provided in writing, the | 311 |
explanation also shall be provided to the requester in writing. | 312 |
The explanation shall not preclude the public office or the person | 313 |
responsible for the requested public record from relying upon | 314 |
additional reasons or legal authority in defending an action | 315 |
commenced under division (C) of this section. | 316 |
(4) Unless specifically required or authorized by state or | 317 |
federal law or in accordance with division (B) of this section, no | 318 |
public office or person responsible for public records may limit | 319 |
or condition the availability of public records by requiring | 320 |
disclosure of the requester's identity or the intended use of the | 321 |
requested public record. Any requirement that the requester | 322 |
disclose the requestor's identity or the intended use of the | 323 |
requested public record constitutes a denial of the request. | 324 |
(5) A public office or person responsible for public records | 325 |
may ask a requester to make the request in writing, may ask for | 326 |
the requester's identity, and may inquire about the intended use | 327 |
of the information requested, but may do so only after disclosing | 328 |
to the requester that a written request is not mandatory and that | 329 |
the requester may decline to reveal the requester's identity or | 330 |
the intended use and when a written request or disclosure of the | 331 |
identity or intended use would benefit the requester by enhancing | 332 |
the ability of the public office or person responsible for public | 333 |
records to identify, locate, or deliver the public records sought | 334 |
by the requester. | 335 |
(6) If any person chooses to obtain a copy of a public
record | 336 |
in
accordance with division (B) of this section,
the
public office | 337 |
or person responsible for the public record may require that | 338 |
person to pay in advance the cost involved in providing the copy | 339 |
of the public record in accordance with the choice made by the | 340 |
person seeking the copy under this division. The public office or | 341 |
the person responsible for the public record shall
permit
that | 342 |
person to
choose to have the public record duplicated
upon paper, | 343 |
upon the same medium
upon which the public office or
person | 344 |
responsible for the public record keeps
it, or upon
any
other | 345 |
medium upon which the public office or person responsible
for the | 346 |
public record determines
that it reasonably can be
duplicated
as | 347 |
an integral part of the normal operations of the
public office or | 348 |
person
responsible for the public record. When
the person
seeking | 349 |
the copy makes a choice under this division,
the public office or | 350 |
person responsible for the public record
shall provide a copy of | 351 |
it in
accordance
with the choice made by
the person seeking the | 352 |
copy. Nothing in this section requires a public office or person | 353 |
responsible for the public record to allow the person seeking a | 354 |
copy of the public record to make the copies of the public record. | 355 |
(7) Upon a request made in accordance with division (B)
of | 356 |
this section and subject to division (B)(6) of this section, a | 357 |
public office or person responsible for public
records
shall | 358 |
transmit a copy of a public record to any person by
United
States | 359 |
mail or by any other means of delivery or transmission within a | 360 |
reasonable period of time after
receiving the
request for the | 361 |
copy. The public office or person
responsible for the public | 362 |
record may
require the person making
the request to pay in advance | 363 |
the cost of postage if the copy is transmitted by United States | 364 |
mail or the cost of delivery if the copy is transmitted other than | 365 |
by United States mail, and to pay in advance the costs incurred | 366 |
for other
supplies used in
the mailing, delivery, or transmission. | 367 |
In any policy and procedures adopted under this division, a | 375 |
public office may limit the number of records requested by a | 376 |
person that
the office will transmit by United States mail to ten | 377 |
per
month, unless the person certifies to the office in writing | 378 |
that the person
does not intend to use or forward the requested | 379 |
records, or the information
contained
in them, for commercial | 380 |
purposes. For purposes of this division, "commercial"
shall be | 381 |
narrowly construed and does not include reporting or gathering | 382 |
news,
reporting or gathering information to assist citizen | 383 |
oversight or
understanding of the operation or activities of | 384 |
government, or nonprofit
educational research. | 385 |
(8) A public office or person responsible for public records | 386 |
is
not required to permit a person who is incarcerated pursuant to | 387 |
a
criminal conviction or a juvenile adjudication to inspect or to | 388 |
obtain a copy of any public record concerning a criminal | 389 |
investigation or prosecution or concerning what would be a | 390 |
criminal investigation or prosecution if the subject of the | 391 |
investigation or prosecution were an adult, unless the request to | 392 |
inspect or to obtain a copy of the record is for the purpose of | 393 |
acquiring information that is subject to release as a public | 394 |
record under this section and the judge who imposed the sentence | 395 |
or made the adjudication with respect to the person, or the | 396 |
judge's successor in office, finds that the information sought in | 397 |
the public record is necessary to support what appears to be a | 398 |
justiciable claim of the person. | 399 |
(9) Upon written request made and signed by a journalist on | 400 |
or after
December 16,
1999, a
public office, or person responsible | 401 |
for public records, having custody of
the records of the agency | 402 |
employing a specified peace officer, parole officer, prosecuting | 403 |
attorney, assistant prosecuting attorney, correctional employee, | 404 |
youth services employee, firefighter, EMT, or investigator of
the | 405 |
bureau of criminal identification and investigation shall
disclose | 406 |
to the
journalist the address of the actual personal
residence of | 407 |
the
peace
officer, parole officer, prosecuting
attorney, | 408 |
assistant
prosecuting attorney, correctional employee,
youth | 409 |
services
employee, firefighter, EMT, or
investigator of
the | 410 |
bureau of criminal identification and
investigation and, if
the | 411 |
peace officer's, parole
officer's, prosecuting attorney's, | 412 |
assistant prosecuting
attorney's, correctional employee's, youth | 413 |
services employee's,
firefighter's, EMT's, or investigator of
the | 414 |
bureau of criminal identification
and investigation's spouse, | 415 |
former spouse,
or
child is
employed by a
public office, the name | 416 |
and address of
the
employer
of the peace
officer's, parole | 417 |
officer's, prosecuting attorney's,
assistant prosecuting | 418 |
attorney's, correctional employee's, youth
services employee's, | 419 |
firefighter's, EMT's,
or investigator of the bureau of
criminal | 420 |
identification and
investigation's spouse,
former
spouse, or | 421 |
child.
The
request shall include the
journalist's name
and title | 422 |
and the
name
and address of the
journalist's employer
and shall | 423 |
state
that
disclosure of the
information sought would be
in the | 424 |
public
interest. | 425 |
As used in this division, "journalist"
means a
person engaged | 426 |
in, connected with, or employed by any news
medium, including a | 427 |
newspaper, magazine, press association, news
agency, or wire | 428 |
service, a radio or television station, or a
similar medium, for | 429 |
the purpose of gathering, processing,
transmitting, compiling, | 430 |
editing, or disseminating information for
the
general public. | 431 |
(C)(1) If a person allegedly is aggrieved by the failure of a | 432 |
public office or the person responsible for public records to | 433 |
promptly prepare a public record and to make
it
available to the | 434 |
person for inspection in accordance with
division
(B) of this | 435 |
section or by any other failure of a public
office or the person | 436 |
responsible for public records to comply with an obligation in | 437 |
accordance
with division (B) of this section, the person allegedly | 438 |
aggrieved
may commence a mandamus action to obtain a judgment that | 439 |
orders
the public office or the person responsible for the public | 440 |
record
to comply with division (B) of this section, that
awards | 441 |
court costs and
reasonable attorney's fees to the person that | 442 |
instituted
the
mandamus action, and, if applicable, that includes | 443 |
an order fixing statutory damages under division (C)(1) of this | 444 |
section. The mandamus action may be commenced in the
court of | 445 |
common pleas of the county in which division (B) of this
section | 446 |
allegedly was not complied with, in the supreme court
pursuant to | 447 |
its original jurisdiction under Section 2 of Article
IV, Ohio | 448 |
Constitution, or in the court of appeals for the
appellate | 449 |
district in which division (B) of this section
allegedly
was not | 450 |
complied with pursuant to its original
jurisdiction under
Section | 451 |
3 of Article IV, Ohio Constitution. | 452 |
If a requestor transmits a written request by hand delivery | 453 |
or certified mail to inspect or receive copies of any public | 454 |
record in a manner that fairly describes the public record or | 455 |
class of public records to the public office or person responsible | 456 |
for the requested public records, except as otherwise provided in | 457 |
this section, the requestor shall be entitled to recover the | 458 |
amount of statutory damages set forth in this division if a court | 459 |
determines that the public office or the person responsible for | 460 |
public records failed to comply with an obligation in accordance | 461 |
with division (B) of this section. | 462 |
The amount of statutory damages shall be fixed at one hundred | 463 |
dollars for each business day during which the public office or | 464 |
person responsible for the requested public records failed to | 465 |
comply with an obligation in accordance with division (B) of this | 466 |
section, beginning with the day on which the requester files a | 467 |
mandamus action to recover statutory damages, up to a maximum of | 468 |
one thousand dollars. The award of statutory damages shall not be | 469 |
construed as a penalty, but as compensation for injury arising | 470 |
from lost use of the requested information. The existence of this | 471 |
injury shall be conclusively presumed. The award of statutory | 472 |
damages shall be in addition to all other remedies authorized by | 473 |
this section. | 474 |
(a) That, based on the ordinary application of statutory law | 478 |
and case law as it existed at the time of the conduct or | 479 |
threatened conduct of the public office or person responsible for | 480 |
the requested public records that allegedly constitutes a failure | 481 |
to comply with an obligation in accordance with division (B) of | 482 |
this section and that was the basis of the mandamus action, a | 483 |
well-informed public office or person responsible for the | 484 |
requested public records reasonably would believe that the conduct | 485 |
or threatened conduct of the public office or person responsible | 486 |
for the requested public records did not constitute a failure to | 487 |
comply with an obligation in accordance with division (B) of this | 488 |
section; | 489 |
(i) That, based on the ordinary application of statutory law | 526 |
and case law as it existed at the time of the conduct or | 527 |
threatened conduct of the public office or person responsible for | 528 |
the requested public records that allegedly constitutes a failure | 529 |
to comply with an obligation in accordance with division (B) of | 530 |
this section and that was the basis of the mandamus action, a | 531 |
well-informed public office or person responsible for the | 532 |
requested public records reasonably would believe that the conduct | 533 |
or threatened conduct of the public office or person responsible | 534 |
for the requested public records did not constitute a failure to | 535 |
comply with an obligation in accordance with division (B) of this | 536 |
section; | 537 |
(E)(1) To ensure that all employees of public offices are | 547 |
appropriately educated about a public office's obligations under | 548 |
division (B) of this section, all elected officials or their | 549 |
appropriate designees shall attend training approved by the | 550 |
attorney general as provided in section 109.43 of the Revised | 551 |
Code. In addition, all public offices shall adopt a public records | 552 |
policy in compliance with this section for responding to public | 553 |
records requests. In adopting a public records policy under this | 554 |
division, a public office may obtain guidance from the model | 555 |
public records policy developed and provided to the public office | 556 |
by the attorney general under section 109.43 of the Revised Code. | 557 |
Except as otherwise provided in this section, the policy may not | 558 |
limit the number of public records that the public office will | 559 |
make available to a single person, may not limit the number of | 560 |
public records that it will make available during a fixed period | 561 |
of time, and may not establish a fixed period of time before it | 562 |
will respond to a request for inspection or copying of public | 563 |
records, unless that period is less than eight hours. | 564 |
(2) The public office shall distribute the public records | 565 |
policy adopted by the public office under division (E)(1) of this | 566 |
section to the employee of the public office who is the records | 567 |
custodian or records manager or otherwise has custody of the | 568 |
records of that office. The public office shall require that | 569 |
employee to acknowledge receipt of the copy of the public records | 570 |
policy. The public office shall create a poster that describes its | 571 |
public records policy and shall post the poster in a conspicuous | 572 |
place in the public office and in all locations where the public | 573 |
office has branch offices. The public office may post its public | 574 |
records policy on the internet web site of the public office if | 575 |
the public office maintains an internet web site. A public office | 576 |
that has established a manual or handbook of its general policies | 577 |
and procedures for all employees of the public office shall | 578 |
include the public records policy of the public office in the | 579 |
manual or handbook. | 580 |
(F)(1) The bureau of motor vehicles may adopt rules pursuant | 581 |
to
Chapter 119. of the Revised Code to reasonably
limit the number | 582 |
of bulk commercial special extraction requests made by a
person | 583 |
for the same records or for updated records during a calendar | 584 |
year.
The rules may include provisions for charges to be made for | 585 |
bulk commercial
special
extraction requests for the actual cost of | 586 |
the bureau, plus special extraction
costs, plus ten per cent. The | 587 |
bureau may charge for
expenses for redacting information, the | 588 |
release of which is prohibited by
law. | 589 |
(b) "Bulk commercial special extraction request" means a | 596 |
request
for copies of a record for information in a format other | 597 |
than the format
already available, or information that cannot be | 598 |
extracted without examination
of all items in a records series, | 599 |
class of records, or data base by a person
who intends to use or | 600 |
forward the copies for surveys, marketing, solicitation, or resale | 601 |
for
commercial purposes. "Bulk commercial special extraction | 602 |
request" does not
include a request by a person who gives | 603 |
assurance to the bureau that the
person making the request does | 604 |
not intend to use or forward the requested
copies for surveys, | 605 |
marketing,
solicitation, or resale for commercial purposes. | 606 |
(3) For purposes of divisions (F)(1)
and (2) of this
section, | 616 |
"surveys, marketing, solicitation, or
resale for commercial | 617 |
purposes"
shall be narrowly construed and does not include | 618 |
reporting or
gathering
news, reporting or gathering information to | 619 |
assist
citizen oversight or
understanding of the operation or | 620 |
activities
of government, or nonprofit
educational research. | 621 |